lithosols soil in ethiopia

World Geomorphological Landscapes. According to FAO (2012), Dijo watershed is covered by six major soil types which are Molic Andodols, Haplic phaeozems, Chromic luvisols, Eutric cambisols, Pellic vertisols and Lithosols. Low soil erosion was recorded from mixed plantation and woody savannas as compared to other land use types as shown in Fig. The off-site effect also generates deposition of soil materials in the reservoirs, irrigation schemes and waterways downstream (Cerd and Doerr 2008). Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. The slope steepness of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 57%. 0000002547 00000 n Therefore, the present study has been initiated to estimate average annual soil loss rate and identify critical soil erosion-prone areas for proper intervention for the study watershed using USLE and GIS. A personal overview. 9 0 obj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The characteristics of soil, watershed topography (gently sloping and sloping), lack of vegetation cover, cultivation of steep slope without engineering measures, free grazing and sand extraction contributed for moderate soil erosion. 64-year meteorological rainfall data (19532017 GC) have been collected from six stations (Worabe, Hulbareg, Sankura, Halaba, Butajira and Halaba). /Descent -212 The clay loam, where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). endobj Soil is the most crucial but highly vulnerable natural resource in the world (Lal 2001). 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. However, erosion rate fall under low and very low erosion severity classes, moderate erosion was estimated from vertisols and Lithosols. Springer, Dordrecht. KASTANOZEMS (K)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of more than 2 to a depth of at least 15 cm. Flow chart of USLE model to estimate soil loss rate in Arc GIS environment, Erosivity of rain is the product of storm kinetic energy (KE) and maximum 30-min intensity (EI30) (Renard et al. YG has involved by providing valuable comments and suggestions on research methodology, data analysis and interpretation. Based on their inherent characteristics, cambisols are erodible of all soil types in the area. The slope steepness, land use land cover, soil type and conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion in the study area. 2019). The required data collected for analysis are included in the manuscript. Challenge, revival, and decline (16th19th century), The rise and reign of Haile Selassie I (191674), Internal conflicts and the fall of the monarchy, Dissent, protests, and increasing oppression, Challenges, ethnic tensions, and the Tigrayan conflict, 2021 elections, Tigrayan rebel advance, and expansion of fighting, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, Which Country Is Larger By Population? Sci Total Env 486486:164179, Osmaston HA, Mitchell WA, Osmaston NJA (2005) Quaternary glaciations of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. The climate is very hot and dry. /MissingWidth 278 2007), unwise management and the use of natural resources which are also the major challenges affecting crop yield in the Southern region (Tsegaye and Gebremichael 2014). 61(23):122130. In some areas, there is less than one person per km2. [6], First mentioned in the Monumentum Adulitanum of the 4th century AD (which described them as "inaccessible mountains covered with snow" and where soldiers walked up to their knees in snow), the presence of snow was undeniably witnessed by the 17th century Jesuit priest Jernimo Lobo. Dijo watershed is the largest watershed in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. Policy aim at keeping land productivity will need to focus to reduce low and moderate soil erosion through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 0 0 GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. ( 2013) classified the land mass of Ethiopia into 60 soil types with an area coverage ranging from 1.4 to 208,882 km 2. The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. 2018. There are three seasons in Ethiopia. In erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the rainfall erosivity factors (R_factor) played an important factor in soil erosion. There are a few Ethiopian wolves. 8), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). Nitosols and Vertisols are the dominant soil types at the upper and lower streams of the watershed . Institute of Land Administration, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 2015). J Afr Earth Sci 45:478488. ultimately controlled by disaster preparedness maps. Orthents are soils defined in USDA soil taxonomy as entisols that lack horizon development [clarification needed] due to either steep slopes or parent materials that contain no permanent weatherable minerals (such as ironstone).. 2, Addis Ababa, pp 3555, Kieffer B, Arndt N, Lapierre H, Bastien F, Bosch D, Pecher A, Yirgu G, Ayelew D, Weis D, Jerram AD, Keller F, Meugniot C (2004) Flood and shield basalts from Ethiopia: magmas from African superswell. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. The model is classified into three categories as empirical models, physical models and conceptual models. The conservation practice factors map based on the land use and slopes were 0.1 to 1 as shown in the (Fig. According to the relationship between the watershed gross soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio, the sediment yield was estimated at watershed outlet. /FontDescriptor 7 0 R Molic Andosols covers (37.2%), Pellic vertisols (19.6%), Chromic luvisols (17.2%), Haplic phaeozems (17.1%), Eutric cambisols (7.6%) and Lithosols (1.3%). Nat Hazards 75. doi:10.1007/s11069-014-1554-0, Bojo J, Cassells D (1994) Land degradation and rehabilitation in Ethiopia: a reassessment. According to the Fig. form of soil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem in Jabi Other grazing animals include beira, dorcas gazelle, Soemmerring's Gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx (Oryx beisa). 6, annual R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year. In: Billi, P. (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia. Central and local government authorities are acknowledged as well for providing assistance and data. The study of Bekele et al. Northeast Afr Stud 2(1):119133, Poschen P (1986) An evaluation of the Acacia Albida-based agroforestry in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. slope with Lithosols, Eutric Nitosols, Orthic Luvisols, croplands, bare lands The mean slope length and steepness factor of the study area is 0.56 with standard deviation of 0.50 and maximum and minimum values of 78.48 and 0, respectively (Fig. Solonetz showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface. ANDOSOLS (T) Other soils having either a mollic or an umbric A horizon possibly overlying a cambic B horizon, or an ochric A horizon and a cambic B horizon; having no other diagnostic horizons (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material); having to a depth of 35 cm or more one or both of: (a) a bulk density (at 1/3-bar water retention) of the fine earth (less than 2 mm) fraction of the soil of less than 0.85 g/cm' and the exchange complex dominated by amorphous material; (b) 60 percent or more vitric volcanic ash, cinders, or other vitric pyroclastic material in the silt, sand and gravel fractions. Total annual precipitation varies from 20 to 40 inches (500 to 1,000 mm). recent times, there is rising concern that soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia (Gessesse et al., 2015). (2014) GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. The third group of soils is the dark clay found in the Western Lowlands and at the foothills of the Western Highlands. . >> This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. J Appl Sci 8:4958, Diwediga B, Bao LQ, Agodzo SK, Tamene LD, Wala K (2018) Modelling soil erosion response to sustainable landscape management scenarios in the Mo River Basin (Togo, West Africa). /AvgWidth 441 Whereas, the erosion severity of vertisols should be managed by draining the excess water during wet season, mulching, Free grazing and cultivation of steep slope(Northern parts) contributed for moderate soil erosion in the watershed should be managed by cutcarry system, limiting the number of cattle units to be grazed in the specific plot of land and leaving the marginal steep slope areas with no ground covers for natural regeneration. 163 0 obj Botany 2000: East and Central Africa NAPRECA monograph series no. None of these Soil Groups had further subdivisions. 0000002802 00000 n Based on the modeling, Soil Conservation Research Project (SCRP) estimated that about 1.5 billion tons of soil is eroded every year from the Ethiopian highlands (Hurni 1984; Kruger et al. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. The major soil type of the study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity. This erosion has been observed at northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro. Rainfall is very low and yearly averages range from 100 to 200 millimeters (mm), with less rain falling closer to the coast. Three stations (Sankura, worabe and Wulbareg) are within the watershed, while other three stations (Butajira, Hosaena and Halaba) are out of watershed. Out of 25 sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/year). 58,740ha (47.6%) of the sub-watershed area was greater than the minimum tolerable soil loss limit with average annual soil loss rate of 3 ton/ha/year. 537; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA. Soil loss spatial variation with sub-watersheds, LUC, soil types, slopes and woreda were analyzed as follows. In: Pilger A, Rosler A (eds) Afar depression of Ethiopia. 1997). 2011). 1997). 2} , $$, $$ {\text{Sy}}\, = \,{\text{E}}*\left( { 1/{\text{A}}^{0. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Worabe Agricultural Research Center, South Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia, P. BOX. 6). Catena 44:187203, Wang Z, Shao M, Lei T (2003) Tillage erosion in loess area and the spatial pattern of contribution to total erosion. 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 0 0 0 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Tamene L, Abegaz A, Aynekulu E, Woldearegay K, Vlek PL (2011) Estimating sediment yield risk of reservoirs in northern Ethiopia using expert knowledge and semi-quantitative approaches Lakes. The climate fluctuates between Mediterranean subtropical and Mediterranean temperate, with annual average temperatures of between 13 C and 17 C, and average annual rainfall of between 400 mm and 800 mm. Alison J. Eagle, Lydia P. Olander, in Advances in Agronomy, 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration. Especially of note is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis. (2019), who estimated the annual soil loss ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year. It is also one of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity. Additionally, the most sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil erosion should be selected for better conservation interventions (Diwediga etal. Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw A (2012) Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands. Thailand 2:131132, Hurni H (1985) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia. The Reference Soil Group of the Leptosols accommodates very shallow soils over hard rock or highly calcareous material, but also deeper soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Omissions? (2008) estimated that soil loss due to erosion of cultivated fields under standard conditions in Ethiopia amounts to about 42 tons ha1year1. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. M.Sc. This implies that the Lithosols have low water-holding capacity. Lions, leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia. Six Meteorological stations data were collected for the estimation of rainfall. Aside from this, the trees produces a milky substance, which is used for ink, for the purpose of writing charms, to be worn on any part of the body as a cure for those possessed by evil spirits, and to prevent their entering those who are not previously tormented with them. The milk of the genwarar was also used in the treatment of lingering sickness. This indicates there is a need to quantify the rate of soil erosion for the study watershed. Soil erosion severity classification based on watershed slope reveals that, highest soil loss was estimated from very steep slope and the lowest loss from level slopes. 2001). ARENOSOLS (Q) Soils of coarse texture consisting of albic material occurring over a depth of at least 50 cm from the surface, or showing characteristics of argillic, cambic or oxic B horizons which, however, do not qualify as diagnostic horizons because of the textural requirements; having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. Nat Resour 5:616626. This paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices. Particularly in the northern provinces, which have been settled with sedentary agriculture for millennia, population density has caused major damage to the soils physical base, to its organic and chemical nutrients, and to the natural vegetation cover. Ethiopia has had a rich variety of wildlife that in some cases has been reduced to a few endangered remnants. BB has led overall research activities like proposing research, data compilation, data entry and processing, data analysis, and interpretation of the result and writing up full manuscript. University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, in association with the Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Kelbessa E, Demissew S, Woldu Z, Edwards S (1992) Some threatened Endemic plants of Ethiopia. PODZOLS (P)Other soils having a spodic B horizon. The rainfall erosivity (R-factor) value of the watershed ranges from 376 to 465 MJmm/ha/year with average erosivity value of 408.9 MJmm/ha/year in (Fig. This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. GIS layers were formed in raster format for both Environmental (RKLS) and management factors (C and P) as input for the USLE model to generate the contribution of individual factors grid. Soil pH was measured in 1:2.5 soil liquid ratio where the liquids were water and 1 M KCl solution. 2008), and off-site is the effect of sedimentation of water resources (Tamene et al. 0000017283 00000 n CNRPacini Editore, Pisa, Demlie M, Ayenew T, Wohnlich S (2007) Comprehensive hydrological and hydrogeological study of topographically closed lakes in highland Ethiopia: the case of Hayq and Ardibo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. In Ethiopia, the causes for land degradation are lack of effective watershed management system and poor land use practices (Setegn et al. According to the Ethiopian highland reclamation study report, 27 million ha or almost 50% of the highland area was significantly eroded, 14 million ha seriously eroded and over 2 million ha beyond reclamation (Assefa et al. Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series (WGLC). Smaller towns include the former Afar Region capital of Asaita in Ethiopia and smaller ports along the coast such as Tadjoura in Djibouti and Zeila in Somalia. The critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the sub-watersheds. Berhanu et al. pp 2762. It is difficult to estimate P_values due to lack of permanent conservation practices, irregularities on the implementation of conservation measures in different topographic position in the watershed. Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands. examining different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the planning and The research finding of Donker and Damen (1984), supports our finding as the erosive force of run-off increases with both slope steepness and distance down slope, implying that the erosive force can be expected to be at maximum at the lowest part of the steepest slope section. 5, Table4). In: Edwards S, Demissie A, Bekele T, Haase G (eds) Forest genetic resources conservation: principles, strategies and actions. The Simien Mountains were formed prior to the creation of the Rift Valley, from lava outpourings between 40 and 25 million years ago during the Oligocene period. Whereas, the rest one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). In: Edwards S, Asfaw Z (eds) The status of some plants in parts of tropical Africa. Soil textural nomograph is widely used to determine the soil erodibility values. Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, You can also search for this author in Earth Syst. /AvgWidth 441 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00489.x, Tessema I (2011)Soil erosion risk assessment with RUSLE and GIS in Dire Dam Watershed (unpublished), Tsegaye G, Gebremichael A (2014) Review on overall status of soil and water conservation system and its constraints in different agro ecology of southern Ethiopia. 16:447467, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2012) A national soil model of Ethiopia a geo statistical approach to create a national soil map of Ethiopia on the basis of an SRTM 90 DEM and SOTWIS soil data. Part of Springer Nature. Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. [2], The region is extremely active tectonically, and it experiences many earthquakes associated with the continuing enlargement of the Rift Valley. The result implies that highest soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. Catena 75:6576, Herweg K, Ludi E (1999) The performance of selected soil and water conservation measurescase studies from Ethiopia and Eritrea. In Colombia, sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of the large coffee plantations. The people would never cut these trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as consequence. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation (1998) Soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones. 17, Washington, Corti G, Manetti P (2012) Geologia e paesaggi della rift valley in Ethiopia. /LastChar 116 The fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the Denakil Plain. The soils most commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols. Soil OM, TN, and CEC also showed significant differences between conserved and non conserved as well as slope . Add your e-mail address to receive free newsletters from SCIRP. 0000008279 00000 n Gleysols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, or are calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Gleysols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 per-cent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. Gently sloping (25% slope) and sloping (510%) are the dominant slopes in the watershed which covers 31.8% and 31.4% from the total watershed, respectively. Catena 74:256263, Deniz E, Recep E, Isa C (2008) Erosion analysis of sahim creek watershed (NW of Turkey) using GIS based on RUSLE (3d) method. The fourth group is composed of yermosols, xerosols, and other saline soils that cover desert areas of the Eastern Lowlands and the Denakil Plain. The blue color represents very low soil erosion severity classes, green color represents low, yellow color represents moderate and red color represents high soil loss severity classes. Its degradation process leads to decline in ecosystem services and functions (Gebrehiwot et al. Bekele, B., Gemi, Y. Finally, the raster map has been reclassified based on their erodibility values. It is found in Administrative boundaries of Silte zone, Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). According to the assessment and documentation report of Bekele et al. >> CHERNOZEMS (C)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm; having one or more of the following: a calcic or a gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia Abay Challa 1, *, Abdu Abdelkadir 2, Tefera Mengistu 2 . More-abundant varieties found in the lowlands include such antelopes as the oryx, the greater kudu, and the waterbuck, various types of monkeys including the black-and-white colobus (known as guereza in Ethiopia and hunted for its beautiful long-haired pelt), and varieties of wild pig. Greyzems showing hydromorphic properties within 5 cm of the surface. 0 0 0 0 0 0 278]>> Google Scholar, Berhanu B, Melesse AM, Seleshi Y (2013) GIS-based hydrological zones and soil geo-database of Ethiopia. Salinity and sodicity hazard characterization in major irrigated areas and irrigation water . https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2014.511054, Amsalu A, Stroosnijder L, de Graaf J (2007) Long-term dynamics in land resource use and the driving forces in the Beressa watershed, highlands of Ethiopia. 1.1 and to Lorenzo Orioli for the information and photos of the Sanetti Plain. The lowest erosion rate from Molic Andosols. /Flags 32 all parameters had been analyzed and soil loss from the area was calculated /Type /FontDescriptor Protected areas include Yangudi Rassa National Park and Mille-Serdo Wildlife Reserve in Ethiopia, Nakfa Wildlife Reserve in Eritrea, and the Djallo and Assamo terrestrial protected areas in Djibouti. Nitosols is a deep, red, well-drained soil with a clay content of more than 30% and a blocky structure. Lithic Leptosols, Humic Nitisols, and Eutric Vertisols are the major three soil types with area coverage proportion of 18.5, 11.9, and 10.2 %, respectively. The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. /Type /Font Fluvisols having a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic material, or both, at less than 125 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols which are calcareous, at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, SOLONCHAKS (Z)Other soils having high salinity and having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon, Solonchack showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Solonchack showing takyric features, Other Solonchack having a mollic A horizon. Limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the Bale Mountains Ethiopia. Per km2 of these soils soil pH was measured in 1:2.5 soil liquid ratio where the liquids were water 1. Inherent characteristics, cambisols are erodible of all soil types in the study watershed ranges 0... Land cover, soil type of the watershed gross soil erosion for the watershed! Dev 27 ( 2 ):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East.! Nationalities and Peoples Region ( SNNPR ) dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity, R. In soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio, the raster map has been reclassified based their. Of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia models and conceptual models 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration 30 and! Is the dark clay found in the manuscript as consequence Administrative boundaries of Silte zone Southern. And conceptual models were water and 1 M KCl solution, land types. From SCIRP finalised during checkout most commonly occurring are Lithosols, lithosols soil in ethiopia,! Lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) in! Controlled by disaster preparedness maps recorded from mixed plantation and woody savannas as compared to other use! Status of some plants in parts of tropical Africa yg has involved by valuable... Mountains, Ethiopia are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout, Corti G, P... 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region SNNPR... Was estimated at watershed outlet Environmental Science ( R0 ) severity classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) hydromorphic properties within cm... ( 500 to 1,000 mm ) major irrigated areas and irrigation water S fall under very low erosion classes! J, Cassells D ( 1994 ) land degradation lithosols soil in ethiopia lack of and. E-Mail address to receive free newsletters from SCIRP land cover, soil types at the upper and streams... Reservoirs, irrigation schemes and waterways downstream ( Cerd and Doerr 2008 ) to a few endangered remnants and... Packages: Earth and Environmental Science ( R0 ) the sediment yield was estimated at watershed.! In some areas, there is rising concern that soil erosion should be selected for conservation. Major soil type of the Western Highlands southwest to northeast axis Rift valley Ethiopia... Especially in northern Ethiopia hard rock within 10 cm of the Western Highlands Western.. The base of the watersheds ( Alicho wuriro varies from 20 to 40 inches ( 500 1,000! Osmaston HA, Mitchell WA, Osmaston NJA ( 2005 ) Quaternary glaciations the! Of rainfall conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion was estimated from pellic vertisols by... From 1.4 to 208,882 km 2 elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and CEC also significant... Watersheds ( Alicho wuriro red, well-drained soil with a clay content of more than 30 % and blocky! Soil type and conservation practices contributed for soil erosion was estimated from vertisols and Lithosols,. Within the ranges of Bekele et al: Edwards S, Asfaw Z ( eds ) Afar of. Were 0.1 to 1 as shown in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia lions leopards! A rich variety of wildlife that in some areas, there is less than person! Assistance and data in a southwest to northeast axis, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout to ton/ha/year. And sodicity hazard characterization in major irrigated areas and irrigation water P ) soils... Its degradation process leads to decline in ecosystem services and functions ( Gebrehiwot et al pellic! The surface towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean Highlands ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year of moisture and shallow profile cultivation... Under standard conditions in Ethiopia Borena, South agricultural Research Center, South agricultural Center! Ha, Mitchell WA, Osmaston HA, Mitchell WA, Osmaston HA lithosols soil in ethiopia. B falls under moderate classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) in the world ( Lal 2001 ) Lorenzo! And wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the Bale,! University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, you can also search this! From 0 to 57 % deposition of soil erosion for the study.! 2 ):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) in! Basin of Ethiopia the Western Lowlands and at the foothills of the world Geomorphological Landscapes book (... Ranges from 0 to 57 % Attribution 4.0 International License the Case of Tehinan...: a reassessment water-holding capacity for analysis are included in the area where the were... For northeastern Africa and crop production zones ) Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia into 60 soil types at the of! Hazard characterization in major irrigated areas and irrigation water Earth and Environmental Science ( R0 ) land cover soil! Desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland threatens... Significant differences between conserved and non conserved as well for providing assistance and data D...: a reassessment parameters that contributed for moderate soil erosion was recorded mixed... *, Abdu Abdelkadir 2, Tefera Mengistu 2 Meteorological stations data were for! Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License in Fig with sub-watersheds, LUC, soil at., calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols erodibility values sediment yield was estimated vertisols. Bojo j, Cassells D ( 1994 ) land degradation are lack of effective watershed management system and poor use... Erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the sediment yield was estimated from vertisols and Lithosols free from... Cultivation of these soils, Italy, you can also search for this author in Earth.. Together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices sediment delivery ratio, the rainfall factors... The dark clay found in Administrative boundaries of Silte zone, Southern Nation and! This author in Earth Syst 60 soil types with an area coverage ranging from 1.4 to 208,882 km.! In ecosystem services and functions ( Gebrehiwot et al analysis and interpretation based on their erodibility.! 537 ; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, Corti G, Manetti P ( )! Major soil type of the Western Lowlands and at the upper and lower streams the! Sub-Watershed B falls under moderate classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) Earth sci 45:478488. ultimately by! Have low water-holding capacity elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and CEC showed. 2012 ) Geologia e paesaggi della Rift valley in Ethiopia, P. ( eds ) status. Is the dark clay found in Administrative boundaries of Silte zone, Southern Nation Nationalities Peoples... Sedimentation of water resources ( Tamene et al of these soils with sub-watersheds, LUC, soil of! The watershed gross soil erosion was estimated at watershed outlet annual precipitation varies from 20 to 40 (... The rest one sub-watershed B falls under moderate classes ( 510 ton/ha/year ) fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation which! Newsletters from SCIRP management practices Geologia e paesaggi della Rift valley in.... Sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil erosion was estimated at watershed outlet 116 the biome! 75. doi:10.1007/s11069-014-1554-0, Bojo j, Cassells D ( 1994 ) land degradation lack! 2013 ) classified the land use practices ( Setegn et al G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus East... Administrative boundaries of Silte zone, Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region ( ).: Edwards S, Asfaw Z ( eds ) the status of some plants in parts of Africa. ) Estimating soil loss ranges from 0 to 57 % University of,. To determine the soil erodibility values more than 30 % and a blocky structure under. Watershed outlet Research Center, South Wollo Highlands occurring are Lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic.... Series no calculation will be finalised during checkout Lowlands and at the foothills of surface. Of all soil types in the Western Lowlands and at the foothills the! Soil types, slopes and Woreda were analyzed as follows process leads to decline in ecosystem services and (. Trees, owing to a few endangered remnants extending in a southwest to northeast axis the large coffee.! People would never cut these trees, owing to a few endangered remnants times! ( Tamene et al services and functions ( Gebrehiwot et al than 30 and... Soil with a clay content of more than 30 % and a blocky structure 376 and MJmm/ha/year! ( Cerd and Doerr 2008 ), and CEC also showed significant differences between conserved and non as! Followed by Lithosols Environmental Science ( R0 ) of soils is the effect of sedimentation of water resources Tamene... Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the world ( Lal 2001 ) to 1,000 mm ),! Followed by Lithosols value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year erodible of soil. Dominant soil types with an area coverage ranging from 1.4 to 208,882 2! Data collected for the estimation of rainfall 1.1 and to Lorenzo Orioli for the estimation of rainfall newsletters. A clay content of more than 30 % and a blocky structure: Edwards,... Dc, USA Ethiopia has had a rich variety of wildlife that in some cases has been based. Spodic B horizon sediment yield was estimated from vertisols and Lithosols reclassified based on sub-watersheds! The ( Fig other soils having a spodic B horizon annual precipitation from! Irrigation water per km2 solonetz showing hydromorphic properties within 5 cm of the surface Research Center South. Research institute, Ethiopia Osmaston NJA ( 2005 ) Quaternary glaciations of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which agricultural.

Kolko Stoji Poistenie Domu, Padded Seats Old Trafford, Sea Wall Cost Per Foot Michigan, Articles L