battle of port gibson map

The stillness of the night was shattered as a volley of musketry came in reply. The invasion of Mississippi by roughly 23,000 Union soldiers on April 30, 1863, was the largest amphibious offensive in American history prior to the invasion of Normandy, France, during World War II. Grant also ordered Colonel Benjamin Garrison to stage a daring cavalry raid through central Mississippi, which forced Confederate Commander of the Army of Mississippi, John C. Pemberton, to divert troops away from Vicksburg. As a result, the landing was unchallenged and the only Confederates nearby were Major General John S. Bowen's force of 6,000-8,000 soldiers who had marched to Port Gibson after thwarting Grant's landing at Grand Gulf the previous day. Soon after, Tracy was killed by a snipers bullet. Gen. J.S. Port Gibson | May 1, 1863 (June 2020) American Battlefield Trust Port Gibson, ten miles east of Bruinsburg on the Little Bayou Pierre River, commanded the road network between Grand Gulf and Jackson and was Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's first objective after crossing the Mississippi. The creators behind Ohio Civil War Central are historians, developers, and website specialists. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Visit our other Wisconsin Historical Society websites! The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties (131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing). As the situation deteriorated, Bowen wired his superiors: We have been engaged in a furious battle ever since daylight; losses very heavy. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. One-hundred-foot-tall (30m) hills separated by nearly vertical ravines choked with canebrakes and underbrush rendered Bowen's position tenable, despite the overwhelming Union force heading his way. Eleven were killed on the field and 10 died of wounds. At the onset of the American Civil War, the State of Tennessee comprised the majority of the northern border of the Confederate States of America in the West. By mid-April, his men had carved a path through the Louisiana wilderness that would enable Grant to march the Army of the Tennessee past Vicksburg, cross the river, and then attack the city from the south. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and was victorious. Official Records. Donning a cloak to disguise his rank, he reviewed the front lines and quickly devised a turning movement that would render untenable the entire Confederate right flank. The first Union objective was Port Gibson, roughly ten miles east of Bruinsburgand commanding the local road network. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Gen. Martin E. Green was inspecting his picket line at the Shaifer House shortly after midnight when he was amused to see Mrs. Shaifer and the women of the house frantically loading a wagon with all their household items. Nevertheless, the South still controlled traffic on much of the river because of its strong fortifications at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Gen. Peter J. Osterhaus's 9th Division facing that direction. The Federal landing at Bruinsburg, Mississippi, on April 30, 1863, and the ensuing victory at the Battle of Port Gibson the next day, cemented a Union presence in western Mississippi that led to the eventual downfall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River. Battle of Port Gibson. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Admiral David Farragut captured the port city of New Orleans on May 18, 1862, closing down Confederate access to the Gulf. American Battlefield Trust's Map Reprint Permission Policy, Gettysburg | Picketts Charge | July 3, 1863 | 3:45 - 4:00 pm, Antietam | West Woods | Sep 17, 1862 | 9:00 - 11:30 am. Twenty minutes after the troops had been staged for the assault, the Confederates were retreating into the Bayou Pierre bottoms, having left behind several hundred prisoners. Port Gibson, MS 39150 Port Gibson, ten miles east of Bruinsburg on the Little Bayou Pierre River, commanded the road network between Grand Gulf and Jackson and was Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grants first objective after crossing the Mississippi. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Despite heavy Rebel fire, Porter passed the city, losing only one ship. Port Gibson Union Official Records. On March 29, 1863, he put part of his army to work constructing bridges, draining bayous and constructing a road past Vicksburg on the west side of the Mississippi. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. La.) Federal losses were surprisingly heavy, at 131 killed, 719 wounded and 25 missing. Fighting in the scattered fields and forest around the Shaifer House intensified as more Union regiments and batteries came into action. Battle of Port Gibson Grants March Marker, Battle of Port Gibson Grants March. At dawn, the Federals . [Wikimedia Commons]. Gen. Edward Tracy, who anchored the Confederate right flank roughly a mile and half to the northwest. In the aftermath of the battle, Grant turned his army east and drove General Joseph E. Johnston's forces away from the state capital at Jackson, Mississippi, on May 14, 1863. Gen. William Baldwin, just arriving from Vicksburg, and Col. Francis Cockrells from Grand Gulf, were placed into position astride the road at White and Irwins Branches of Willow Creek, a mile and a half east of Magnolia Church. He intended to storm Grand Gulf, while his subordinate Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman and the XV Corps deceived the main army in Vicksburg by feigning an assault on the Yazoo Bluffs. The action intensified on both roads at dawn as the Federals resumed their push toward Port Gibson. Gen. Edward D. Tracy arrived later and was posted across the Bruinsburg Road two miles north of Green's position. After a prolonged siege, Grant eventually forced Pemberton to surrender on July 4, 1863. The mesmerizing ruins are all that remain of what was once Mississippi's largest antebellum mansion. Explore the known interments of Soldiers' Rest Cemetery. Fighting erupted shortly after midnight on May 1 as Union soldiers encountered Bowen's men in the dense undergrowth near Magnolia Church and continued into the next day. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Grant launched his campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the spring of 1863, starting his army south from Milliken's Bend on the west side of the Mississippi River. It was a Union victory that sent Confederates in retreat, giving Grant a firm foothold in Mississippi south of Vicksburg. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. View the original source document: WHI 90836, Location: Port Gibson, Mississippi (Google Map), Campaign: Grant's Operations Against Vicksburg (March-July 1863). The Battle of Port Gibson was fought near Port Gibson, Mississippi, on May 1, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. Contents 1 Background 2 Battle 3 Aftermath 4 Battlefield preservation 5 See also 6 References If Union forces could gain control of the Mississippi, they could deny the Confederacy easy access to supplies from the Gulf of Mexico and territories in the American West. By 1863, Union forces controlled almost the entire length of the Mississippi River. Successive Union attacks buckled the Confederate lines. In the battles aftermath, Grant turned his army east and drove General Joseph E. Johnstons forces away from the state capital at Jackson, Mississippi, on May 14, 1863. Join us July 13-16! At the time of the battle in 1863, the terraces of the area would have been in agriculture, with the ravines filled with dense jungle-like growth. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History, NearBruinsburg in Claiborne County, Mississippi , 1. The terrain is a tangle of ravines and terraces, caused by the soil type (sedimentary loess) and a history of intensive agricultural use up to the 20th century. Leading up to the Battle of Port Gibson in the spring of 1863, confederate troops used the roof observatory as a lookout as Grant's army crossed the Mississippi River. Gen. Alvin P. Hovey's 12th Division arrived and surged forward just as Carr's men were storming the Confederate position. In June, the Union tightened its grip on the Mississippi, when Federal forces captured the river city of Memphis, Tennessee. On April 29, 1863, Grant put his grand scheme into action. Despite the reinforcements, Green was still heavily outnumbered and around 10:00 a.m. his line collapsed. Every purchase supports the mission. Against this target, Grant poised his army to strike. Meanwhile, Grant approached the city with the bulk of his army from the east, but Rebel cavalry cut his supply lines, forcing him to retreat before launching an assault. The 11th, 23rd, and 29th Wisconsin Infantry regiments and the 1st and 6th Wisconsin Light Artillery batteries participated in the assault on Port Gibson. McClernand and McPherson then rendezvoused with Porter at Bruinsburg, fewer than ten miles downriver from Grand Gulf. The absence of any Confederate cavalry would have a major impact on the campaign. Grant's plan to detach McClernand to Banks would have to wait. The Battle of Port Gibson was a resounding Union victory that secured Grants beachhead east of the Mississippi River and cleared the way to the Southern Railroad supplying Vicksburg. On March 29, 1863, Grant put part of his army to work erecting bridges, draining bayous, and constructing a road past Vicksburg on the west side of the Mississippi. Port Hudson Union Official Records. The Federals divided their forces and moved along two roughly parallel roads that converged near their objective, about ten miles to the east. This map depicts the opening battles in the Union campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May 1863. Records 1 - 52. At dawn, the Federals advanced against the flanks of Bowen's line posted on the . Nevertheless, the South still controlled traffic on much of the river because of its strong fortifications at Vicksburg, Mississippi. After five and one-half hours of shelling by Porter's squadron failed to silence Fort Cobun, a Confederate artillery stronghold guarding the Mississippi River, Grant called an end to the Battle of Grand Gulf. A desperate Confederate counterattack by Cockrells Missourians was repulsed and Bowen ordered a retreat. Under threat of being surrounded, Bowen was also forced to evacuate the formidable Fort Cobun at Grand Gulf, yielding control of the area to Grant's Army of the Tennessee. The Confederates there were commanded by Maj. Gen. John S. Bowen, who had moved a division forward from Grand Gulf to confront Grant's XVII Corps under Maj. General James B. McPherson and XIII Corps under Maj. General John A. McClernand. As an Amazon Associate, the owner of AHC can earn from qualifying purchases. [2][4] In 2009, the battlefield was designated by the Civil War Preservation Trust as one of its Top 10 most endangered Civil War battlefields. To divert attention from his main operations, Grant ordered Sherman to feign an attack against Confederate forces stationed at Snyder's Bluff, upriver from Vicksburg, from April 29 through May 1. Continue with Recommended Cookies. A counterattack by Col. Francis Cockrells Missouri regiments was repulsed in the late afternoon and the Southerners were forced from the field. Meanwhile, Grant approached the city with the bulk of his army from the east, but Rebel cavalry cut his supply lines, forcing him to retreat before launching an assault. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Grant launched his campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the spring of 1863, starting his army south from Milliken's Bend on the . Union forces entering Port Gibson . He sent three divisions, commanded by his most trusted subordinate, General William T. Sherman, down the river from Memphis to attack Vicksburg from the north. Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, establishing federal control of both waterways. The site is owned, operated, and funded by R.Squared Communications, LLC. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. According to data recorded on the Widow's Creek U.S.G.S. Because the city was perched atop a heavily fortified bluff, they decided to cross the Mississippi downstream from it and circle around from the rear. The Federals divided their forces and moved along two roughly parallel roads that converged near their objective, about ten miles to the east. On April 22, six more boats made it through, bringing Grant the supplies he needed to launch his assault on Vicksburg. The Battle of Port Gibson occurred on May 1, 1863, and resulted in the deaths of over 200 Union and Confederate soldiers. Port Gibson Battlefield Mississippi Old Rodney Rd Port Gibson, MS 39150 United States Website https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battleportgibson.htm The Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. [4], After a number of failed attempts to reach Vicksburg from the north and northeast, Union General Ulysses S. Grant decided to march his army down the west side of the Mississippi River, past Vicksburg, and locate a crossing area from which he could reach the city from the south. The presence of the Natchez Road figured in the May 1, 1863 Battle of Port Gibson.In that battle, Union forces under General Ulysses S . This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. As McPherson's troops moved along Rodney Road in the dark, they encountered light opposition from Green's advance patrols until stopping at about 3 a.m. As the long column tramped down this road many officers were on foot. Reinforced by Brig. The house was used by Maj. Gen. John A McClernand for his headquarters and later used as a hospital. Admiral David Farragut captured the port city of New Orleans on May 18, 1862, closing down Confederate access to the Gulf. With 20,000 men crowded into a 1.5-mile (2.4km) front, McClernand's plan appeared to be to force his way past the Confederate line. Despite the resulting delay, however, the Army of the Tennessee moved onto the river bluffs unopposed and pushed rapidly towards Port Gibson. Sporadic skirmishing and artillery fire continued until 3 a.m. The house was used by Maj. Gen. John A McClernand for his headquarters and later used as a hospital. The following information is provided for citations. Hallecks departure left Major General Ulysses S. Grant in charge of operations in the Western Theater. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River, establishing Federal control of both waterways. Many of the bullets buried themselves in the wagon-load of furniture. Confederate Brig. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Empower curiosity about the people, places, and stories of our past. With two of the three main rivers connecting the North and South under Union control, the Federals turned their attention to the Mississippi River. In July 1862, President Abraham Lincoln summoned Major General Henry W. Halleck to Washington to serve as chief of all Union armies. MOVING INLAND: BATTLE OF PORT GIBSON The first day ashore, Grant pushed McClernand two miles inland to high, dry ground and on toward the town of Port Gibson, where a bridge across Big Bayou Pierre led to Grand Gulf (which Grant coveted as a supply base on the Mississippi). Almost by mutual consent, the fighting ebbed by 3:00 a.m., and the weary soldiers in blue and gray rested on their arms. Defending that border was difficult for the Confederacy because three major rivers (the Mississippi, which flows south to the Gulf of Mexico, and the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, which flow north to the Ohio River) provided relatively easy access to the South. See and touch history at Historic Sites, Museums and special events, Restore your historic home or property, get tax credits, renovation tips, This map depicts the opening battles in the Union campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May 1863. A crossing point at Bruinsburg, just south of the mouth of Bayou Pierre, was described as suitable for the army's use, and on April 30, 1863 Grant began what was then one of the largest amphibious military operations in United States history. Battle of Port Gibson Marker. After a prolonged siege, Grant eventually forced Pemberton to surrender on July 4, 1863. Last updated: March 3, 2018 Was this page helpful? No An official form of the United States government. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! The Mississippi served as a highway to move men and materials from places as far as way as Pittsburgh to New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico, and in early 1863, only two Confederate strong points stood between the Federals and dominance of the mighty river. The Battle of Port Gibson was fought near Port Gibson, Mississippi, on May 1, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. Johnstons removal prevented him from uniting his forces with Pemberton, now isolated at Vicksburg. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. The Battle of Port Gibson on May 1, 1863 was a pivotal event of the Civil War in Mississippi which featured the largest amphibious operation of the United States army prior to June 6, 1944. On May 1, the Battle of Port Gibson was fought. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled. Almost by mutual consent the fighting ebbed by 3:00 a.m. and the weary soldiers in blue and gray rested on their arms. Map (db m35542) HM Sherman's feint against the Yazoo Bluffsthe Battle of Snyder's Bluffwas a complete success, and only a single Confederate brigade was detached south. The A. K. Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Please read ourPrivacy Policyregarding the use of cookies and visitor tracking. The Battle of Port Gibson was Union general Ulysses S. Grant's first victory in the campaign that eventually led to the fall of Vicksburg. As McPhersons troops moved along Rodney Road in the dark, they encountered light opposition from Greens advance patrols until stopping at about 3 a.m. With the aid of Admiral Porter's gunboats, Grant attempted to move Major General John A. McClernand's 13th Army Corps down the Mississippi River on transport barges and execute a landing on the east bank at Grand Gulf, located at the juncture of the Mississippi and the Big Black River roughly thirty miles below Vicksburg. In May of 1962, the Grand Gulf Military Monument Park was officially opened, dedicated to preserving the memory of both the town and the battle in which occurred there. 1. Join us July 13-16! For the first time after seven attempts General Grant was able to establish a beachhead on dry soil on the same side of the Mississippi River as his foe. Later nineteenth century to present [ edit] Vicksburg Campaign: Unvexing the Father of Waters. The 23rd Wisconsin Infantry was held in reserve during the morning but in the afternoon captured 20 prisoners. The Battle of Port Gibson Having landed on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River unopposed at Bruinsburg, the Union army pushed steadily inland through the night on April 30, 1863. The Federals divided their forces and moved along two roughly parallel roads that converged near their objective, about ten miles to the east. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and they were victorious. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. A portion of the troops turned left following the road past Windsor, but the bulk turned right, coming to Bethel Church, and turning east here. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. On May 1, 1863, Confederate forces under Brig. By late 1861, President Abraham Lincoln was pressuring Union commanders in the west to invade the South. When reinforcements arrived from Brigadier General William E. Baldwin's and Colonel Francis M. Cockrell's brigades, the Rebels established a succession of new lines while being forced back steadily. The Battle of Port Gibson was one of the turning points of the War between the States, since this defeat of the Confederates led to the capture of Vicksburg. A 2,080-acre (840ha) area surrounding part of the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and a larger area was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2005. Supplies were piled on all sorts of wagons and carriages for the surprise march on the Confederates. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 644 acres at Port Gibson Battlefield. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. To complete the river crossing, however, Grant needed the help of his naval forces. If you would like to know more, please contact us. Battle of Chickasaw Bayou (December 2629, 1862), The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson, Battle of Big Black River Bridge (May 17). To the east, a ring of forts, mounting 172 guns, shielded the city from an overland assault. Brig. In December, Grant launched his first attempt to capture Vicksburg. The Confederate right did not last long. Green quickly mounted and raced back to Magnolia Church to alert his brigade. At roughly 8 a.m., a Union musket ball pierced General Tracys breast, killing him instantly, but his men held on until about 10 a.m. when their lines crumbled. Forced to defend two approaches to Port Gibson, Bowen divided his already heavily outnumbered forces. The Confederate victory proved inconsequential, however. When spring arrived, he set a new plan into motion. If the Union could gain control of the Mississippi, the Confederacy would be denied easy access to supplies from the Gulf of Mexico and territories in the American West. Vicksburg is located on the eastern side of the Mississippi, south of the mouth of the Yazoo River. Fighting in the scattered fields and forest around the Shaifer House intensified as more Union regiments and batteries came into action. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. As Greens men scrambled to the rear, Brig. Consider donating to their mission to preserve battlefields like Port Gibson for future generat. Grant understood the nature of the explosion and rode to Grand Gulf with a small escort, enjoying his first bath in weeks, and celebrating the capture of what would become his central supply depot as he moved inland. The Union forces were brought across by Read Admiral D.D. The site is also known as the Grindstone Ford. When . When spring arrived, Grant set a new plan into motion. McClernand stopped to reorganize, then launched into a series of grandiose speeches until Grant pointed out that the Confederates had simply withdrawn to a more defendable position. At nightfall they were forced to yield and the Union victory established a foothold to attack Vicksburg. The Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved 644 acres (2.61km2) of the Port Gibson battlefield. Confederate forces were entrenched at nearby Magnolia Church. The only surviving historic structure is the Shaifer plantation house, which is where the battle began. Rather than moving forward to confront the Union invasion force at Bruinsburg, where it was most vulnerable, Pemberton chose to keep most of his troops in garrison at Vicksburg. Fortunately for Grant, Pemberton took literally his orders to defend Vicksburg at all costs. On the night of April 16, seven gunboats and three supply ships under the command of Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter ran the gauntlet of Confederate batteries along the river. The Battle of Port Gibson was a resounding Union victory that secured Grant's beachhead east of the Mississippi River and cleared the way to the Southern Railroad supplying Vicksburg. A single brigade of reinforcements from Vicksburg under Brig. Gen. A. J. Smith's 10th Division and Stevenson's Brigade of McPherson's XVII Corps, McClernand resumed the pursuit. Confederate units, outnumbered more than 3-to-1, made a fierce but vain defense of the town throughout the day. 4. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. . As long as they held it, Union forces could not ship men or supplies any further south. . The victory was key in setting the foundation for Grant's successful conclusion to the Vicksburg Campaign. The Union victory secured that beachhead and paved the way for the eventual fall of Vicksburg. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. In July 1862, General Henry Halleck was called to Washington and promoted to chief of all Union armies, leaving Grant in charge of operations in the Western Theater. [1], Last edited on 30 December 2022, at 22:19, Learn how and when to remove this template message, History Under Siege: Port Gibson designated by the Civil War Preservation Trust as a Top 10 most endangered Civil War battlefield in 2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Port_Gibson&oldid=1130579779, This page was last edited on 30 December 2022, at 22:19. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Confederate Brig. Only Champion's Hill, the biggest battle of the campaign, saw more Union losses. Just then, a single shot rang out as the Confederate pickets spotted movement in the distance. Confederate forces were entrenched at nearby Magnolia Church. Port Gibson NYT May 15, 1863. President Abraham Lincoln. Obtaining the full control of the Mississippi River was an early and vital war aim for the Federals. Port Gibson: Featured Resources Civil War | Video Vicksburg Campaign Civil War | Article 10 Facts: The Vicksburg Campaign Civil War | Biography James B. McPherson Battle of Raymond: May 12 His men fell back to the next ridge where early in the afternoon they were reinforced by what remained of Greens brigade. Vicksburg sits on a high bluff on the eastern side of the Mississippi River, south of the mouth of the Yazoo River. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Historic structure is the Shaifer plantation House, which is where the Battle of Port Gibson was fought repulsed. 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