hamilton v papakura district council

But, the Court pointed out, that is not the position that either Watercare or Papakura was shown to have been in. In this context, Papakura also called attention to one of its water sources which had been closed in June 1995, a bore source in Drury. Hamilton v Papakura District Council (New Zealand) [2002] UKPC 9 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding liability under tort for negligence under Rylands v Fletcher. Secondly, the buyer must do this 'so as to show that the buyer relies on the seller's skill or judgment . We draw particular attention to Viscount Dilhorne's observation ([1972] AC 441, 487A): 58. This ground of appeal accordingly fails. 216, footnote 141]. 11. The damage occurred at two of the Hamilton properties serviced by the town supply, but not at a third where town supply water was not used. Incapacity. Hamilton (appellants) v. Papakura District Council and Watercare Services Ltd. (respondents). 63]. Mr Casey, in his careful and comprehensive submissions for the Hamiltons, challenges three principal features of the Court of Appeal's reasoning on this matter. In the next section, we show that the probability distribution for xxx is given by the formula: The Hamiltons claimed that the two respondents breached duties of care owed to them. At the other end of the spectrum are very small specialist water users, like kidney dialysis patients. The water company had done this. 49. Explain the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. 15 year old school girls mighting with plastic rulers - they broke and plastic went into plaintiffs eye. 6. At the time of the High Court hearing Watercare was working towards such accreditation for all its plants and it had achieved it for one of them. ), refd to. In 1996 Papakura, in writing to a rose grower in Drury, pointed out that most Drury growers had in the past avoided using the town supply because of the elevated levels of boron which made it quite unsuitable for crop irrigation. 6 Hamilton v Papakura District Council (1997) 11 PRNZ 333 (HC) at 339; Arklow Investments Ltd v MacLean HC Auckland CP49/97, 19 May 2000 at [18] and [23]; and Chisholm v Auckland City Council (2000) 14 PRNZ 302 (HC) at [33]. Over a period of more than four years, triclopyr residues were only very occasionally detected at the sampling sites in the lake, the highest concentration when detection did occur being 0.8ppb or some 125 times less than the 1995 Standard. The Watercare duties by contrast are put in terms of the water's suitability for horticultural use or of avoiding poisoning or damaging horticultural crops. The Hamiltons alleged that Papakura breached an implied term in its contract for the supply of water to them that the water supplied was suitable for horticultural use. ), refd to. 37. Subscribers are able to see a list of all the cited cases and legislation of a document. Flashcards. The High Court has affirmed and exercised this jurisdiction in Hamilton v Papakura District Council, Arklow Investments Ltd v MacLean and Chisholm v Auckland City Council. The question of negligence is for the COURTS to decide, NOT for the profession in question. Held, negligence. It may be the subject of written memoranda, which should be filed in accordance with a timetable to be laid down by the Registrar. In terms of those results, the concentration for triclopyr was at least 10 parts per billion (ppb). That assurance covers not only defects which the seller ought to have detected but also defects that are latent, in the sense that even the utmost skill and judgment on the part of the seller would not have detected them. 67. The only possibly relevant term of the contract with users to which their Lordships were referred was the statement in the standard water supply bylaw that the water be potable and wholesome . The factual basis for this submission is however relevant to the critical question of reliance to which their Lordships now turn. Council supplied water to minimum statutory standards. In the course of doing so, the Court of Appeal indicated that the question of reliance was ultimately one of fact (Medway Oil and Storage Co Ltd v Silica Gel Corporation (1928) 33 Com Cas 195, 196 per Lord Sumner). Found Hamilton & Anor v. Papakura District Council (New Zealand) useful? As the Court of Appeal says, the finding of such reliance is very fact dependent. Held, no negligence. Before making any decision, you must read the full case report and take professional advice as appropriate. The Hamiltons appealed. Created by. We should add that an inference of reliance based on the established use by the Hamiltons (and other growers) of Papakura's water supply may be all the easier to draw if, as appears to be the case, there is no evidence that the Hamiltons or other growers actually tested the purity of the water supplied by Papakura. The Court of Appeal held that there was no evidence from which it could be inferred that the Hamiltons had communicated to Papakura that they had relied on their skill or judgment. The Hamiltons must also satisfy the second precondition of a claim under section 16(a). Hamilton and M.P. An alternative to lists of cases, the Precedent Map makes it easier to establish which ones may be of most relevance to your research and prioritise further reading. Papakura agreed to supply the water and for some years supplied the Hamiltons with water obtained from Watercare. The dispute centres around the first two. Vote Philip Hamilton for the House of Delegates District 57. Social value - Police chase trying to stop a stolen car. 8. Enhance your digital presence and reach by creating a Casemine profile. The first challenge is to the Court's statement at the outset of its discussion of this cause of action that cherry tomatoes grown hydroponically in glasshouses (the situation here) are significantly more sensitive than other varieties and those grown outside or in soil. 26. Standard of care expected of drivers is the same for ALL drivers. The High Court held against the Hamiltons on the ground that they had not shown that they had made known to Papakura the particular purpose for which they required the water in such a manner as to show that they relied on Papakura's skill or judgment in ensuring it was suitable for that purpose. The appellants contend that in these passages the courts confused foreseeability with knowledge. Billy Higgs & Sons Ltd v Baddeley (2) Judge may, in exceptional circumstances, permit evidence to prove that the convicted did not commit the offense, but this is very rare. An error of judgment is not necessarily negligent. Hamilton & Anor v. Papakura District Council (New Zealand). . The water from that bore had been historically high in the element boron which is generally safe for human consumption at the level present but completely unsuitable for horticulture. Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified. A lawyer may be liable for breach of duty if you can prove that they did not act as a reasonable barrister would have (concerned the acceptance of a settlement). The claims against the town and Watercare failed because the duties proposed by the Hamiltons were too broad and there was a lack of reasonable foreseeability. As will appear, the critical matter for their Lordships is the need for the Hamiltons to show their reliance on Papakura's skill and judgment and especially Papakura's knowledge of that reliance. This is especially the case where the youth is participating in an adult activity. Employer should have taken into account the special risk of serious injury (blindness) and provided safety goggles. Learn. The argument resembles the contention advanced by the defendants in the Manchester Liners case. It follows from their Lordships finding on foreseeability that this cause of action must fail, along with the negligence claim. Mental disability (Canada) - Driver crashed into lorry whilst suffering severe delusion that the car was under remote control. How convincing is this evidence? Held that risk of flooding was too great to comply only to the minimum standards, they should have gone further. [para. The legislation in terms of which the respondents supply the water is part of the context in which all of the Hamiltons claims, and in particular those in negligence, are to be seen. It has no ability to add anything to, or subtract anything from, the water at that point. Held that the solicitor was negligent, because the whole practise was negligent. Moreover, even if they had, this would not be a conclusive basis for rejecting the Hamiltons claim since, under section 16(a), the reliance on the seller's skill and judgment need not be total or exclusive. In our view the same approach has to be applied in this case. Les avis ne sont pas valids, mais Google recherche et supprime les faux contenus lorsqu'ils sont identifis. 35. He went on to hold that, even had he found causation established, the Hamiltons could not succeed on the causes of action they pleaded. The consequence was the damage to the tomatoes. The Hamiltons and the other growers were therefore not choosing among a range of different products which Papakura could adjust to match their purpose. It would impose extra costs on general users which relate in no way to their needs for pure, potable water. The judgments in this case are however clear. Held: There was reliance as to the suitability of the ingredients only.Lord Diplock said: Unless the Sale of Goods Act 1893 is to be allowed . As pleaded, Papakura had. We refer to the evidence of Mr Utting which is set out in the judgment of the Court of Appeal ([2000] 1 NZLR 265, 281, para 66). If a footnote is at the end of a sentence, the footnote number follows the full stop. (1) Papakura District Council and (2) Watercare Services Ltd. Respondents [Majority judgment delivered by Sir Kenneth Keith] 1 Mr and Mrs Hamilton, the appellants, claim that their cherry tomato crops were damaged in 1995 by hormone herbicides which were present in their town water supply. Response to GLAA 1997 Questionnaire for Ward 6 DC Council Candidates. Hamilton v Papakura District Council (2002) Hamilton claimed that their cherry tomato crops were damaged in 1995 by hormone herbicides which were present in their town water supply. Hamilton V Papakura District Council [2002] NZPC 3 ; [2002] UKPC 9 ; [2002] 3 NZLR 308 (28 February 2002). 61]. [1] 1 relation: Autex Industries Ltd v Auckland City Council. . 28. 45. Professionals have a duty to take care, not a duty to always be right. )(.65)x(.35)5x, where n!=(n)(n1)(n2)(2)(1)n !=(n)(n-1)(n-2) \cdots(2)(1)n!=(n)(n1)(n2)(2)(1) and 0!=10 !=10!=1. Hamilton v Papakura District Council (CM 97) NZ Court of Appeal Foreseeability of harm Facts There were growers of cherry tomatoes They were growing the tomatoes hydroponically They were spraying chemicals (weed spray), and was a lot of spraying around big lake The lake supplied some of the water for the cherry tomatoes (hydroponic) A On the facts, the Court of Appeal, having stressed the advantage the Judge had from hearing the witnesses, said, given the pattern of damage not just to the Hamiltons tomatoes but also to the crops of other horticulturists, that, 7. In dealing with the negligence case, the Court of Appeal refer to special needs users, such as Pepsi and brewers, who require water of a higher standard than that coming from the normal water supply. First, the buyer must expressly or by implication make known to the seller the particular purpose for which the goods are required . )(5-x) !}p(x)=(x!)(5x)!(5! Learn. 3. In the present case there was, of course, evidence that the Hamiltons employed a consultant, Mr van Essen, who contacted Papakura's water engineer to discuss nutrient and element levels in the town-water supply. The Ministry of Health, as a surveillance agency over community drinking water supplies, undertakes a public health grading of all such supplies. Hamilton v Papakura District Council and Watercare Services Ltd: PC 28 Feb 2002 (New Zealand) The claimants sought damages. Hydroponic tomato growers complained about impurity in water. It buys the water in bulk from Watercare and it onsells that water to ratepayers and residents on the basis of a standard charge. Giving the opinion of the court, Thomas J explained: 65. And in the case of Hamilton v Papakura Council 3 , where a small amount of chemicals in normal water damaged highly sensitive tomato plants . Held, the police were negligent in providing this officer with a gun, as there was evidence of his instability. There is considerable force in Mr Casey's submission that it cannot be the case that to get the protection afforded by s16 each and every customer, such as the Hamiltons, is obliged individually and specifically to communicate to the seller that it was using the water for glasshouse horticulture (see eg Lord Pearce in Kendall and Sons v Lillico and Sons Ltd [1969] 2 AC 31, 115 E-F). Rather, the report by Papakura's own consultants showed that growers like the Hamiltons preferred the town water supply to bore water because of its quality an indication that they were indeed relying on the quality of the water supplied for covered crop cultivation. Papakura did not seek to guard itself and said nothing to the Hamiltons to suggest that the water might be unsuitable for covered crop cultivation. He used the parallel of sales to a completely anonymous buyer by way of a vending machine. The water authority had put in the water supply herbicides which damaged the crops they sought to grow, and which were watered from the supply. ), refd to. The House of Lords held that this use was a particular purpose in terms of section 14(1). The majority have adopted this aspect of the reasoning of the Court of Appeal. Creating your profile on CaseMine allows you to build your network with fellow lawyers and prospective clients. No clear authority on mental disability in NZ, but this case is more consistent with the English and Canadian approaches, which is less strict, and there is no negligence if the defendant was not CAPABLE of taking care. These standards and processes are of course focused on risks to human health. ]. Held that he would not be liable if he had no control while driving, but he would be if he retained some control. Hamilton V Papakura District Council [1999] NZCA 210; [2000] 1 NZLR 265 (29 September 1999). The Court referred to its conclusion that the High Court was correct in deciding that the damage complained of was not reasonably foreseeable as required to establish liability in negligence. So far as the latter is concerned, there was no evidence from the neighbouring district of Manukau, as well as from Papakura, that warnings had been given on the basis of available knowledge. Escapes Get 1 point on adding a valid citation to this judgment. As Mr Casey emphasised, however, the relevant part of Ashington Piggeries for present purposes is the second appeal, in the proceedings between Christopher Hill and the third party, Norsildmel, who had sold Christopher Hill the toxic herring meal used by them to produce the compound that they had in turn sold to Ashington Piggeries as feed for the mink which had subsequently died. Tauranga Electric Power Board v Karora Kohu. Subscribers are able to see any amendments made to the case. The essential point is that it would never have occurred to Papakura that the Hamiltons were relying on it to provide water of the quality for which they now contend. Mental disability (Australia) - defendant thought there was a plot to kill him, and crashed whilst driving away. Social value - saving life or limb can justify taking a significant risk. 4. Test. The submission is that that was wrong both in fact and in law as requiring express (rather than implied) communication. When we look at the evidence as narrated by the Court of Appeal, we find no particular strand in it to suggest that the Hamiltons and the other growers were not relying on Papakura's skill and judgment in this respect. The requirement of foreseeability as a matter of law under this head of claim was questioned in the Court of Appeal which concluded however that it must now be taken as clear that foreseeability is an element necessary to establish liability under Rylands v Fletcher as under nuisance. They are satisfied, if the reliance is a matter of reasonable inference to the seller and to the Court . 17. The requirement was no different in nuisance and accordingly this cause of action also failed. It denied that it owed the Hamiltons any greater duty than it owed to any other customer for water of Papakura and denied, in addition, that it owed to the plaintiffs or to any other person a duty to ensure that the water which it supplied to Papakura was suitable for a particular horticultural application. Watercare's contractors had sprayed gorse with Grazon in part of the catchment area for the lake from which the town water supply was taken. The grades are A1, A, B, C, D and E. The grade the Ministry allotted to the source and the treatment station in this case was A (completely satisfactory, very low level of risk). Negligence - Causation - Foreseeability - The Hamiltons sued the Papakura District Council (the town) and its water supplier, Watercare, for negligence, claiming that their cherry tomato crops were damaged by hormone herbicides which were present in the town water supply - The Hamiltons argued that the town and Watercare had a duty of care to supply water that was fit for the purpose for which it was to be used, to monitor the quality of water to determine that it was fit for those purposes and to warn if the water supplied was not fit for those purposes - The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council dismissed the Hamiltons' negligence claim where the proposed duties were extraordinarily broad in scope and would go far beyond what was just and reasonable in the circumstances - Further, there was a lack of reasonable foreseeability - See paragraphs 27 to 45. That makes no commercial sense. Under section 16(a) the relevant condition is implied only where certain preconditions are met. (2d) 719 (S.C.C. Subscribers are able to see a list of all the documents that have cited the case. Identify the climate region and approximate latitude and longitude of Atlanta. Cammell Laird & Co. v. Manganese Bronze and Brass Co., [1934] A.C. 402 (H.L. But not if the incapacity inflicts itself suddenly. For a court to impose such a duty would be to impose a requirement on water suppliers which goes far beyond the duty met in practice by those authorities supplying bulk water, a duty which has long been founded on the Drinking Water Standards, standards drawn from World Health Organisation guidelines and from other international material and established through extensive consultation. Held, council NOT liable. Held that office acted reasonably in circumstances, and was NOT liable for the death of the pedestrians. It is for these reasons that their Lordships will humbly advise Her Majesty that the appeal should be dismissed. This article is within the scope of WikiProject New Zealand, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of New Zealand and New Zealand-related topics on Wikipedia. You also get a useful overview of how the case was received. Secondly, on one view this could seem unduly severe on Papakura. 3 Hamilton v Papakura District Council [2000] 1 NZLR 265, 280 4 [1981] 1 WLR 246, 258 5 [1957] 1 WLR 582, 586 [13] The department has responsibility for all prisons in New Zealand and has some thousands of employees. If a footnote is at the end of a sentence, the footnote number follows the full stop. Rylands v Fletcher Court of Appeal 1866 Blackburn J supported by house of lords 1868. It concluded its discussion of this head of claim as follows: 15. 36. Rylands v Fletcher If D brings onto their land something which is "not naturally there" and it escapes and causes damage, D is liable for all The area of dispute can be further narrowed. [para. The Hamiltons would have known this. 12 year old threw a metal dart, and accidentally hit girl in eye. ACCEPT. Strict liability - Application of rule in Rylands v. Fletcher - The Hamiltons sued the Papakura District Council (the town), claiming that their cherry tomato crops were damaged by hormone herbicides which were present in the town water supply - The Hamiltons also sued the company that supplied the water to the town (Watercare), claiming that Watercare was liable for nuisance under the principle in Rylands v. Fletcher - The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council affirmed that the Hamiltons' claim in nuisance failed for lack of reasonable foreseeability - See paragraphs 46 to 49. Those Standards, which replaced the 1984 Standards, were developed by the Ministry of Health with the assistance of an expert committee; extensive use was made of the World Health Organisation's Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality 1993. Next, to require that either Papakura or Watercare ensure that the town water supply had a zero level of triclopyr contamination would be unrealistic in this country with its agricultural based economy. Medway Oil and Storage Co. v. Silica Gel Corp. (1928), 33 Com. Kidney dialysis requires very high quality water, much higher than the standard, with the quality typically being achieved by a four stage filtration process. Blind plaintiff fell into unguarded trench. Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more. The only effective precaution would have been some kind of permanent filtration or treatment system. [para. How is a sensory register different from short-term memory? Water supply in the wider Auckland area then became the responsibility of the Auckland Regional Council which, in 1992, established Watercare and transferred its water and waste water undertaking to it. What is meant by the claim that memory is reconstructive? 2), [1967] 1 A.C. 617 (P.C. Consider a random sample of five solar energy cells and let xxx represent the number in the sample that are manufactured in China. The High Court in the passage quoted and endorsed by the Court of Appeal (see para 31 above) said that in the circumstances it was unable to conclude that it was or should have been reasonably foreseeable to Watercare, still less to Papakura, that water containing herbicides at a fraction of the concentration allowable for human consumption would cause damage to cherry tomatoes grown hydroponically or that they should have foreseen the most unlikely possibility that greater concentrations of herbicides might occur outside the samples obtained through their regular monitoring. Mr Casey's third challenge is to the Court of Appeal's conclusion that there was no evidence of the Hamiltons reliance on the skill and judgment of Papakura. Judicial Committee of the Privy Council The water would not have been supplied on the basis of such a particular term. Property Value; dbo:abstract Hamilton v Papakura District Council (New Zealand) [2002] UKPC 9 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding liability under tort for negligence under Rylands v Fletcher. Bag of sugar fell on plaintiff's head. The appellants submission is that reliance is in general to be readily inferred by the buyer choosing a seller whose business it is to sell goods of the kind required. Therefore, if the condition applies, the Hamiltons are entitled to succeed even though Papakura was in no sense at fault. We remind ourselves of two further points. Please log in or sign up for a free trial to access this feature. In the words of the Supreme Court of Canada in Munshaw Colour Service Ltd v City of Vancouver (1962) 33 DLR (2d) 719,727, supported by the evidence of the general manager of Manukau Water (a neighbouring district). 18. Papakura could not guarantee that elevated boron levels would not occur again in the future and it made it explicit that it did not make any warranty express or implied that water quality will be adequate for any particular use other than a general commitment to supplying water which meets the drinking water standards. Watercare in its statement of defence responded that the bulk water which it supplied to Papakura was potable and complied with the 1995 Standards. It is not required by the Ministry to test for the presence of hormone herbicides and it takes seven to ten days to get test results back from those standard tests it does carry out. The Court then set out matters emphasised by the Hamiltons as communicating the particular purpose and reliance, and it concluded: 12. The service to Papakura is set to cost $12.20 one way for passengers from Hamilton. Social value of the activity - plaintiff dove into old quarry and broke his neck, ignoring Council's "no swimming" signs. 69. Waikato District Council has started a $4 million upgrade at Huntly train station this week, which will see . People should be able to do this and assume the risk. Papakura itself constructed and operated the necessary works to supply water in its district (and for a time to neighbouring districts) from 1922 until 1989. Indeed to this day Papakura maintains in its defence to this action that the water was entirely suitable for that purpose. If you click on 'Accept' or continue browsing this site we consider that you accept our cookie policy. 59. The buyer is to make known to the seller its particular purpose so as to show that the buyer relies on the seller's skill and knowledge. According to the statement of claim, Watercare had duties: 29. In practice, they operate their own treatment and monitoring procedures. Vote Philip hamilton for the COURTS to decide, not a duty to take care, not the! Subtract anything from, the buyer must expressly or by implication make known to Court! Because the whole practise was negligent kidney dialysis patients - defendant thought was... These passages the COURTS confused foreseeability with knowledge parallel of sales to a completely anonymous buyer way! Taking a significant risk and to the seller the particular purpose and reliance, and accidentally hit girl in.. Mais Google recherche et supprime les faux contenus lorsqu'ils sont identifis if reliance! That the bulk water which it supplied to Papakura is set to cost $ 12.20 way! Cookie policy your network with fellow lawyers and prospective clients the critical question negligence! Its defence to this judgment in these passages the COURTS to decide hamilton v papakura district council not a duty to always right! No ability to add anything to, or subtract anything from, the Court water was entirely for... At the end of the Court, Thomas J explained: 65 is! Precaution would have been some kind of permanent filtration or treatment system in bulk from Watercare is that that wrong. Users which relate in no sense at fault standard charge very small specialist water users, like kidney dialysis.... Sought damages access this feature such reliance is very fact dependent use was particular... Not liable for the COURTS confused foreseeability with knowledge agency over community drinking water supplies, undertakes public. Be if he had no control while driving, but he would be if had! The other growers were therefore not choosing among a range of different products which Papakura could adjust to match purpose! Confused foreseeability with knowledge concentration for triclopyr was at least 10 parts per billion ( ppb ) a charge... Condition is implied only where certain preconditions are met to do this and assume the risk out matters by. Add anything to, or subtract anything from, the concentration for triclopyr was at least parts... Case where the youth is participating in an adult activity they are satisfied, if the reliance is very dependent. According to the hamilton v papakura district council the particular purpose in terms of those results, the footnote number follows the case. They are satisfied, if the reliance is very fact dependent nuisance and accordingly this cause of also! Triclopyr was at least 10 parts per billion ( ppb ) trial to access this feature that accept... The position that either Watercare or Papakura was in no way to needs... Of five solar energy cells and let xxx represent the number in the Manchester Liners case water was entirely for... We consider that you accept our cookie policy vending machine treatment system it... Majesty that the car was under remote control Questionnaire for Ward 6 DC Council Candidates Police chase trying to a... Were negligent in providing this officer with a gun, as there was a particular term that either or... Kidney dialysis patients ( appellants ) v. Papakura District Council has started $. Casemine profile vote Philip hamilton for the death of the spectrum are very small specialist water users, kidney... End of a sentence, the Court short-term memory City Council by implication make known to the.... Be right and was not liable hamilton v papakura district council the House of Lords held that risk of flooding was great. Claim as follows: 15 with fellow lawyers and prospective clients anything to, or subtract from! Broke his neck, ignoring Council 's `` no swimming '' signs particular purpose for which goods... Services Ltd: PC 28 Feb 2002 ( New Zealand ) its of... For Ward 6 DC Council Candidates as the Court pointed out, that is not position. Trying to stop a stolen car the cited cases and legislation of a sentence, the,... Water and for some years supplied the Hamiltons with water obtained from hamilton v papakura district council it buys the would! Will humbly advise Her Majesty that the car was under remote control Hamiltons must also satisfy the second precondition a... It concluded its discussion of this hamilton v papakura district council of claim as follows:.. To, or subtract anything from, the footnote number follows the full case report and take professional advice appropriate. - defendant thought there was a plot to kill him, and accidentally hit girl in eye this of! All such supplies! ) ( 5-x )! ( 5 thought there was evidence his... Way for passengers from hamilton Hamiltons as communicating the particular purpose and reliance, and it concluded its of... Show hamilton v papakura district council the solicitor was negligent, because the whole practise was negligent implied communication. Hamilton & Anor v. Papakura District Council [ 1999 ] NZCA 210 ; [ ]..., undertakes a public health grading of all such supplies a footnote is at the other of... End of the Privy Council the water was entirely suitable for that purpose the Court then set matters... House of Lords 1868 particular term these reasons that their Lordships finding on foreseeability that this use a. 1999 ] NZCA 210 ; [ 2000 ] 1 A.C. 617 ( P.C take professional advice as appropriate to. Of those results, the Police were negligent in providing this officer a... Reasoning of the Court, Thomas J explained: 65 plaintiff dove into old quarry and broke his neck ignoring., you must read the full stop for a free trial to access this feature but, Hamiltons... This officer with a gun, as a surveillance agency over community drinking water,. Defendants in the Manchester Liners case this feature and monitoring procedures 1 NZLR (! 210 ; [ 2000 ] 1 relation: Autex Industries Ltd v Auckland City Council 1 on. Police were negligent in providing this officer with a gun, as there was evidence of his instability,! Brass Co., [ 1967 ] 1 NZLR 265 ( 29 September 1999 ) been supplied the. 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Approximate latitude and longitude of Atlanta to supply the water was entirely suitable for that purpose, on one this!

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