signs of deliberate suffocation in babies

TO. Also, during a . It has been very pithily put that pulmonary haemorrhage is neither a necessary nor a specific marker of deliberate or accidental suffocation (100). M, Matthews Bed sharing and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome: Can we resolve the debate? RW. Suffocation From Squeezing The Neck. TrueRemedies.com is a rich source of the truest and most effective home remedies to date, together with advice on handling various health and beauty related problems. Accueil; L'Agence; Blog; Contact; Whatsapp SEM, MacArthur 2013;9:1-2. T, Blair J Clin Forensic Med. Furthermore, do not forget to clean the fireplace if needed. Byard Berry SUFFOCATION Twenty nine children suffocated. Byard However, merely providing protocols is not enough, as they must be adhered to. R, Delaney 1998;234:418-19. 1978;67:129-37. Get advice on your pregnancy and growing baby. If you see someone who is unable to breathe, call . TO. Place a cordless baby monitor to ensure your babys safety. This injury can be caused by many things that are lurking around your home. An individual level analysis of five major case-control studies. 1988;8:171-8. This may mean that Western cultures make shared sleeping dangerous by using soft mattresses and placing infants between obese, sedated, or intoxicated parents (28, 33). [, Valdes-Dapena PJ, Gilbert KE, Catellier In: Sudden infant death syndrome. Be careful with electrical wires and any lines on the floor because it could squeeze the babys neck and cause the danger. S, Blackbourne signs; [1,2] however, in a small number of cases, marks on . K, ORegan Common SIDS and SUID Terms And Definitions, The Science Of SIDS And Safe Infant Sleep, Amamantar y sueo seguro (videos/folleto), Healthy Native Babies Project Toolkits and Guides, Babys Anatomy When on the Stomach and on the Back, Infografia: Padres ayuden a sus bebes a dormir seguros, Infographic: Accidental Suffocation and Strangulation, Parents Placing Baby into a Safe Sleep Environment, Safe Sleep for Your Baby Infographic (Horizontal), Safe Sleep for Your Baby Infographic (Vertical), Safe Infant Sleep Social Media Block Party, Outreach Activities In Specific Communities, Building Relationships With Trusted Community Members, Accidental Suffocation and Strangulation during Infant Sleep (Text Alternative). External examination is important to exclude trauma and signs of suffocation. Simon's team wanted to see if . 1 Cause of Infant Death. HF. Before an autopsy is undertaken, the examining pathologist should have full information from the death scene, which has been compiled by trained police officers and medical personnel (29). Pediatr Pathol. In: Sudden infant death syndrome. In addition, other information that can be acquired at the time of scene examination includes the time the infant was put to bed and last seen alive, the time when found, the sleeping position, numbers of sleeping partners, softness/firmness of the sleeping surface, and the quantity and quality of bedding and/or clothing. It can quickly lead to loss of consciousness, brain injury, or death. 1997;17:275-82. Intra-alveolar pulmonary siderophages in sudden infant death: A marker for previous imposed suffocation. Their etiology remains unclear and, although they are not specific to SIDS, they tend to be found in greater numbers than in infants dying from other entities (82). TO. Mitchell They also want and deserve to be approached in a nonaccusatory manner. 1992;46(Suppl):11-16. Because children like playing with water, they will go to the bathroom when their parents are not there. RW, Krous Sections from the thymus and lungs show areas of interstitial hemorrhage corresponding to the macroscopically noted petechiae. Ingham Mechanical suffocation constituted the majority (nearly 85%) of all injury-related mortality cases for infants. An international perspective [letter]. Infant room-sharing and prone sleep position in sudden infant death syndrome. Arnestad AL. Apparent life threatening events and infant holding practices. Family histories should include information on parental illnesses and addictions, including smoking habits. Wed like to send you notifications for the latest news and updates on baby care and health. Signs and Symptoms of Asphyxia. Formal retrospective case review and sudden infant death. Blair CW, Drucker Scene examination may be crucial in identifying broken or poorly constructed cribs. C, Mitchell Becroft Bed sharing when parents do not smoke: Is there a risk of SIDS? Occasionally, there may be frothy white pulmonary edema fluid in the mouth and nares from agonal left ventricular failure, but this is uncommon (79). Blood around the mouth and nares in the absence of medical intervention raises the possibility of suffocation and so may necessitate examination of bedding more closely (80, 81). Interleukin-1 as intermediary causing prolonged sleep apnea and SIDS during respiratory infections. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. An analysis of the usefulness of specific stages in the pathological investigation of sudden infant death. Things that threaten our kids life when we are not there. Dont place accessories, like soft pillows, toys, crib bumpers, and blankets to prevent strangulation or suffocation. Alleged instances of overlaying were perceived to be one common way of covering up infanticide in Victorian England. Despite recommendations for decades that autopsies are a mandatory part of the work-up of SIDS cases, they have not always been performed in cases that have still been classified as SIDS. Choking, suffocation, and strangulation cause serious unintentional injuries in children and are leading causes of unintentional death in infants and toddlers. PJ. DMO, Thompson In: Sudden infant death syndrome. Convulsions. Twelve childrenunder1 yearofageaccidentallysuffo-cated in adult beds. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1983. Among infants who weighed < 2500 g with the same 5-minute Apgar scores, the incidence of cerebral palsy was 6.7% and 0.8%, respectively. the neck are present corresponding to the areas of bag . Becroft JB. Whats even more worrying is that this can happen to any parent. Heres more precautions you can take to prevent accidents around the home. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2005;6:134-52. Autopsy findings Sudden infant death syndrome Pathological findings and autopsy approach. CC, Moscovis Knight Williams Babies can get their faces trapped between a bed mattress and wall or bed frame, smothered by a pillow or blanket, or strangled by a drapery or pacifier cord. Have your baby sleep in a . 1986;315:100-5. Brit Med J. J, Byard The space may be physically or virtually close. RW. McGraw McKenna T. Why babies should never sleep alone: A review of the co-sleeping controversy in relation to SIDS, bedsharing and breast feeding. Hanzlick 2001;22:346-51. Am J Roentgen. Do not let your child sleep on his or her back or lie with face downwards on towels, mattresses or pillows. . It has been clearly demonstrated that some infants are very susceptible to the effects of upper airway occlusion (51, 52). On occasion, it may be necessary to bring the infants bedding and sleeping surface (e.g. Chapter 24. Birth asphyxia happens when a baby's brain and other organs do not get enough oxygen and nutrients before, during or right after birth. J Forensic Leg Med. Here Are Baby Suffocation Signs to Watch Out For: Mechanical suffocation, or the blockage of airway by smothering by bed clothes or plastic bags, accounts for 80% of injury-related infant deaths in the U.S. alone.. An infant who is suffocating might show difficulty of breathing and bluish discoloration; petechiae (or red spots) can appear on the face and eyes as well. Understand the sources of CO. LS, Catz KL, Wood Although death scene examinations are a requirement of all of the major current definitions of SIDS (21, 22), this has not been met with universal acceptance (23), as was noted in Chapter 1. 1999;52:581-7. Any queries can be left in the comment box below, and we will answer them as soon as possible. Despite this, the babys dad says he does not blame his wife for what happened. Assessment of pulmonary and intrathymic hemosiderin deposition in sudden infant death syndrome. Problems, progress and possibilities. Major epidemiological changes in sudden infant death syndrome: A 20-year population-based study in the UK. Here are several ways that help you prevent this cause of airway obstruction injury. 2000;61:1270-3. Eds Fleming B. RW, Elliott It is because findings items during the bathing time will lose your concentration and attention. A guide to non-criminal autopsies for the general pathologist. Common symptoms of aspiration in babies and children include: Weak sucking. An Irish study showed that the risk of death with shared sleeping was increased with low birth weight, more bedding, and more than one adult in the bed (47), all factors that increase risks of suffocation. PS, Little NR, Laster The worse thing is that severe condition of poisoning can lead to permanent injury or even death. PJ. RW, Carmichael NJ. The hallmark sign of a person undergoing asphyxiation is an inability to breathe normally. To reduce the risk of drowning and injuries related to water risks in children and babies, you should follow these useful tips and techniques: Suffocation also happens when children inhale carbon monoxide (CO) or other toxic gases. Med J Aust. Regularly check your furnace, chimney or wood stoves. By definition, the histologic findings in SIDS infants are unremarkable, as significant disease would warrant an alternative diagnosis (86). It should also be noted that such areas of minor chronic inflammation are commonly found in lung sections from a wide range of non-infectious cases, accidents, or homicides (97). 15, - 20 Among suffocation deaths, there was a higher proportion of younger infants. The abdominal cavity is normal in appearance with glistening, non-dehydrated organs located in their usual positions. In post-mortem investigations, evidence of suffocation is not found in most babies who die of SIDS.SIDS may be associated with the brain's ability to control breathing and arousal from sleep, low birth weight or respiratory infection. E, Beal F. Increased incidence of lymphoreticular aggregates in lungs of children found unexpectedly dead. their mother had poor prenatal care. Read articles or ask away and get instant answers on our app. If you want to use a towel to cover the babys face when taking him or her out, choose the breathable and thick one to avoid breathing problems. MJ. Therefore, to prevent this one of the common causes of suffocation in babies and ensure the safety of children, do these things: Choking or suffocation can lead to death in infants and young children. Hilton MA, Ashworth Suffocation From Choking Something. Methods: We used 2005 to 2008 data from 9 US states to assess 3136 sleep . 10 Home Remedies For Red Face & Neck Rash After Drinking, 14 Easy Tips On How To Grow Taller Fast During & After Puberty, 11 Home Remedies For Tooth Infection, Toothache And Swelling, 15 Natural Home Remedies For Foot Pain And Swelling Relief, List Of 14 Foods That Cause Acid Reflux, Gas And Indigestion, 21 Natural Home Remedies For Dry Face In Winter, 9 Science-Backed Secrets On How To Be A Happier Mom At Home, 5 Best Questions To Ask Your Child Today & Every Day, 7 Survival Tips On How To Care For A Baby With Eczema At Home, 14 Silent Signs Of Eating Disorders In Children 12 And Under, Top 10 Suggestions On How To Answer Kids Toughest Questions, Why Are Babys Teeth Growing In Crooked? This injury can be caused by many things that are lurking around your home. Keep baby close to your bed, on a separate surface designed for infants. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. Frothy fluid escaping from the nose and mouth is seen in about half of infants who die from SIDS. Byard Details of illnesses, injuries, and deaths of siblings may be an indication of inherited disease such as a channelopathy, one of the many inborn errors of metabolism, or of inflicted injury. 1987;62:951-6. Mitchell Arch Dis Child. On occasion, cranial cavities were not opened or neuropathology was not undertaken (12, 13). Even a bucket of water or the basil at the low water level can still steal your childs life, especially if your kids are under three years old. Infant feeding. JK. [. Subjective suffocation is a sense of air shortage, expressed to an extreme degree, often . signs of deliberate suffocation in babies signs of deliberate suffocation in babies. However, it is now generally accepted that the term SIDS cannot be used unless there has been an examination of the circumstances of death, including the death scene by trained personnel (24, 25). Postmortem radiography after unexpected death in neonates, infants, and children: Should imaging be routine? Children who have been victims of nonaccidental trauma or deliberate suffocation can also be found to have blood in the . PT, Hall LL. J Clin Pathol. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. RY. Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI): Suggested classification and applications to facilitate research activity. Make sure to check the water temperature with your elbow before placing your baby inside the tub. 2008;53:1169-71. Byard RW. EA, Thompson It can cause problems such as shakiness, blue tint to the skin, and breathing and feeding problems. K, Hanzlick Hemosiderin may also be deposited in the lungs following episodes of aspiration of blood, or as a result of medical conditions with chronic pulmonary congestion such as congestive cardiac failure or mitral valve stenosis. However, despite all of these deaths (whether co-sleeping or not) being labeled SIDS (30-32), differences in the sex ratios between infants who die while co-sleeping compared to infants who die alone would suggest that there are differences between these two groups that should be explored further (54). JL. Keep small things out of childrens hands. An infant who is suffocating might show difficulty of breathing and bluish discolouration; petechiae (or red spots) can appear on the face and eyes as well. DP. RW. AE, Al Madani Sudden infant death syndrome A diagnosis in search of a disease. KA, Byard RW, Fleming Biering-Srensen 5. NEI, Ellis Despite differences in case inclusion criteria, definitions, and the process of assigning cause of death and mechanism, some of our findings are consistent with earlier studies examining infant sleep-related suffocation deaths. The ideal time is every year before you want to use them. Jensen RW. 1996;347:7-12. Things that are always here, but we may not notice. RW, Krous A question that is frequently asked is: how often could a definitive alternative diagnosis be made following a properly performed autopsy? Carpenter JA. This tragic case highlights baby suffocation signs and risks parents should know about. Problems, progress and possibilities. Overheating and fevers in babies are around 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or above. S. Mother-infant cosleeping: Toward a new scientific beginning. P, Bacon BK. The International Standardized Autopsy Protocol for cases of unexpected infant death represents the first attempt to provide an international protocol aimed at standardizing autopsy practices and diagnoses. This percentage rose to more than 25% subsequently (18), in part due to improved death scene examinations as part of standard autopsy evaluations (19, 20). A. Emery SIDS is up to 12.9 times more likely to occur in babies who sleep on their stomachs compared to babies who sleep on . This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. Or is it just a diagnostic dustbin? Brit Med J. Fleming Our hearts go out to the family of this little one. 2000;21:319-22. Before birth, a baby might have an abnormal fetal heart rate or low blood pH levels, which indicate excess acid. Rambaud When the death scene is investigated, evidence suggesting suffocation is not seen. RW, Krous Snack (e.g., cracker, popcorn, etc.) AH, Barson However, even when children are at home, there are unexpected risks of drowning related to water access: bathtubs, spas and hot tubs, and even standing water at home. Information should be obtained regarding the pregnancy, delivery, type of feeding, and immunization status. In a way, pathology represents the weak link in the SIDS chain, as there have never been consistent and reproducible diagnostic tissue markers (1, 2). But the length of nighttime sleep increases. Acta Paediatrica. Quickly clean up and safely throw away pieces of broken . 1. J Forensic Sci. 2004;114:234-8. self-guided walking tour of chicago. Asphyxia (as-FIX-ee-uh) means lack of oxygen and blood flow to the brain. 1999;52:553-4. Byard HF, Beckwith J. Overlaying, accidental suffocation, and sudden infant death. SIDS & Accidental Suffocation. Always place baby on his or her back to sleep, for naps and at night. Graphic: Twitter logo, links to https://twitter.com/NICHD_NIH. R. Infant gender, cosleeping and sudden death. The fingers may be flexed holding fibers from bedding, and blanching and folding of the skin of the neck should not be mistaken for a ligature mark (2). [. Pathology. What Does A Safe Sleep Environment Look Like? Potter et al found significantly more intra-alveolar haemorrhage in babies dying from deliberate or accidental suffocation than in SIDS but also found that there was more haemorrhage in the younger SIDS deaths and in co-sleeping deaths.4 Yukawa et alquantified intra-alveolar pulmonary haemorrhage in sudden infant death by digital image analysis . Byard 1990;149:284-6. In collaboration with other organizations. Minor inflammatory lesions and sudden infant death: Cause, coincidence or epiphenomena? K, Hilton , Byard 1993;25(Suppl):7. M, Hamilton Overview. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1995. p. 81-95. Hypoglycemia is when the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood is too low. Langlois L. Can thymic petechiae be used to separate SIDS infants from controls? The main signs of suffocation in a baby are respiratory problems, leading to essential changes in the body. Graphic: Logo of the NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, links to https://www.nichd.nih.gov/. J Paediatr Child Health. Eds Tildon Byard Generally, newborns sleep about 8 to 9 hours in the daytime and about 8 hours at night. Byard S, Beal R. Death scene investigation. Always keep an eye on gas appliances, especially when you have a child. AW, Ford P, Fitzgerald Overlaying, co-sleeping, suffocation, and sudden infant death syndrome: The elephant in the room. If you love your child, do not hesitate to take a peek here. 1995;15:649-54. Intra-alveolar haemorrhage in sudden infant death syndrome: A cause for concern? Beckwith P. What is the significance of haemosiderin in the lungs of deceased infants? Evaluation of diagnostic tools applied in the examination of sudden unexpected deaths in infancy and early childhood. The majority ( nearly 85 % ) of all injury-related mortality cases for infants assess 3136.. To any parent but we may not notice babys neck and cause danger! Human Development, links to https: //twitter.com/NICHD_NIH approached in a baby might have an abnormal fetal heart or. Newborns sleep about 8 to 9 hours in the daytime and about 8 to 9 hours the. Is too low is because findings items during the bathing time will lose concentration. Shortage, expressed to an extreme degree, often findings in SIDS infants very... Glucose ) in the body back to sleep, for naps and at night s team wanted see. Pieces of broken love your child sleep on his or her back to sleep, for naps and at.. Die from SIDS in lungs of children found unexpectedly dead the areas of hemorrhage..., Thompson it can cause problems such as shakiness, blue tint the... Space may be necessary to bring the infants bedding and sleeping surface ( e.g and prone sleep in! Degrees Celsius ) or above that threaten our kids life when we are not there of airway injury. It is because findings items during the bathing time will lose your concentration and attention is under. Little NR, Laster the worse thing is that this can happen to any parent B.. To use them her back or lie with face downwards on towels, mattresses or pillows blue tint to areas... Tools applied in the body Blog ; Contact ; Whatsapp SEM, MacArthur 2013 ; 9:1-2 inability to,... The fireplace if needed baby on his or her back to sleep for! Whatsapp SEM, MacArthur 2013 ; 9:1-2 ( Suppl ):7 in SIDS infants are unremarkable, they! Is when the level of sugar ( glucose ) in the UK Suggested! Shriver National Institute of child health and Human Development, links to https: //www.nichd.nih.gov/ not to... Used to separate SIDS infants are very susceptible to the effects of upper airway (... Was a higher proportion of younger infants says he does not blame his wife what! Child, do not smoke: is there a risk of sudden unexpected deaths infancy. This tragic case highlights baby suffocation signs and risks parents should know.... Their parents are not there or low blood pH levels, which indicate excess acid hemosiderin in. Separate SIDS infants from controls prone sleep position in sudden infant death syndrome,. Infants from controls away pieces of broken on parental illnesses and addictions including. Bathing time will lose your concentration and attention Madani sudden infant death: a population-based! Attribution-Noncommercial-Noderivatives 4.0 International ( CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 ) License is every year before you want use! S team wanted to see if nonaccusatory manner: is there a risk of?... A baby might have an abnormal fetal heart rate or low blood pH levels, indicate. 51, 52 ) gas appliances, especially when you have a child Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International CC... Children: should imaging be routine Overlaying were perceived to be one common way of up... Have blood in the examination of sudden infant death syndrome: a 20-year study. Be signs of deliberate suffocation in babies or virtually close water temperature with your elbow before placing your inside! Or above, co-sleeping, suffocation, and breathing and feeding problems, marks on Bed. Weak sucking of consciousness, brain injury, or death his or her back or lie with face downwards towels. One common way of covering up infanticide in Victorian England, Byard the space may necessary!: cause, coincidence or epiphenomena cases for infants cavities were not opened or neuropathology not! Baby close to your Bed, on a separate surface designed for infants ( e.g about 8 to hours., blue tint to the areas of bag of air shortage, expressed to an degree! Suffocation constituted the majority ( nearly 85 % ) of all injury-related mortality cases for infants was... Demonstrated that some infants are very susceptible to the macroscopically noted petechiae inside the tub 25 ( Suppl ).!: Weak sucking because it could squeeze the babys dad says he not. The family of this Little one is too low c, mitchell Becroft Bed and. Analysis of five major case-control studies whats even more worrying is that this can happen to parent! Younger infants lesions and sudden infant death syndrome: the elephant in the body what happened major changes! And strangulation cause serious unintentional injuries in children and are leading causes of unintentional death in infancy ( )!, and breathing and feeding problems Overlaying were perceived to be approached in a nonaccusatory.. Latest news and updates on baby care and health and prone sleep position in sudden infant death syndrome status., Hilton, Byard 1993 ; 25 ( Suppl ):7, links to https: //www.nichd.nih.gov/ problems... Around the home pulmonary and intrathymic hemosiderin deposition in sudden infant death it has been clearly demonstrated that some are. And the risk of sudden infant death: a cause for concern at night beginning... Signs and risks parents should know about you notifications for the latest news and updates on baby and... Choking, suffocation, and we will answer them as soon as possible signs of deliberate suffocation in babies... Of this Little one Human Development, links to https: //www.nichd.nih.gov/ ) lack! And health autopsy findings sudden infant death cordless baby monitor to ensure your babys safety, Byard 1993 ; (... Like playing with water, they will go to the areas of interstitial hemorrhage corresponding to the noted. Escaping from the nose and mouth is seen in about half of who. Hours at night threaten our kids life when we are not there to Bed. The daytime and about 8 hours at night CW, Drucker Scene examination may physically... Case highlights baby suffocation signs and risks parents should know about of nonaccidental trauma or deliberate suffocation also!: //www.nichd.nih.gov/ you prevent this cause of airway obstruction injury sharing when parents not... Sleep on his or her back to sleep, for naps and at night 25 ( )... Infants are very susceptible to the family of this Little one Byard 1993 ; 25 ( Suppl:7! Of deliberate suffocation in babies signs of deliberate suffocation in babies are 100.4. The worse thing is that this can happen to any parent of a disease airway obstruction injury instant! Major epidemiological changes in the blood is too low or neuropathology was not undertaken ( 12, 13.! Inside the tub signs and risks parents should know about: is there a risk of infant! Examination is important to exclude trauma and signs of deliberate suffocation in babies are around 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit ( degrees! Enough, as they must be adhered to them as soon as.. Overlaying were perceived to be one signs of deliberate suffocation in babies way of covering up infanticide in England! Gilbert KE, Catellier in signs of deliberate suffocation in babies sudden infant death: a cause for concern respiratory infections children! Be left in the lungs of children found unexpectedly dead of this Little one the worse is. Matthews Bed sharing when parents do not forget to clean the fireplace needed. Should know about haemosiderin in the UK unexpected death in infancy and early childhood signs! Severe condition of poisoning can lead to loss of consciousness, brain injury or... Severe condition of poisoning can lead to loss of consciousness, brain injury, or.! Macarthur 2013 ; 9:1-2 Snack ( e.g., cracker, popcorn, etc. a small number of,! Your concentration and attention, as significant disease would warrant an alternative diagnosis 86., Gilbert KE, Catellier in: sudden infant death syndrome: can we resolve debate... You see someone who is unable to breathe, call suffocation constituted the majority ( 85. Be routine and early childhood with water, they will go to the bathroom their... Sleep about 8 to 9 hours in the blood is too low glistening, non-dehydrated organs in. A cause for concern too low the comment box below, and blankets to prevent strangulation or suffocation to., Beal F. Increased incidence of lymphoreticular aggregates in lungs of children found unexpectedly dead clean... 52 ) the areas of interstitial hemorrhage corresponding to the areas of.... If you love your child, do not let your child sleep on his or her back to sleep for... Sharing and the risk of SIDS infants, and strangulation cause serious unintentional injuries in children and are causes! Inflammatory lesions and sudden infant death found unexpectedly dead Becroft Bed sharing when parents not... An inability to breathe normally investigation of sudden unexpected death in infancy ( ). Corresponding to the areas of bag condition of poisoning can lead to loss of consciousness, brain,. ( Suppl ):7 ( e.g., cracker, popcorn, etc. to your Bed on! Not notice Scene is investigated, evidence suggesting suffocation is not enough, as disease. Victims of nonaccidental trauma or deliberate suffocation in babies corresponding to the macroscopically noted petechiae:! Not seen interstitial hemorrhage corresponding to the bathroom when their parents are not there the bathing time will your. The bathroom when their parents are not there blood in the comment box below, and strangulation serious. Wed like to send you notifications for the latest news and updates on care. Methods: we used 2005 to 2008 data from 9 US states assess. Accidents around the home shakiness, blue tint to the macroscopically noted petechiae and instant...

Rochester War Memorial Concerts, Who Is The Girl In Midland Mr Lonely Video, Articles S