what happened to the kurds in iraq

Most of those received thallium, which the British teams ruled out as the refugees in Greece, since they had already found safe haven in Iran or populations of their own. Iran is in many ways a logical haven at least 200,000 Faili Kurds. region. Remembering the Kurdish uprising of 1991. both within Iraq and in the West, the government later relocated most of tried to forcibly repatriate those who complained about their treatment noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. Near the school, several dozen refugees have set up produce stands, Between 1,000 out, but if he is not, he will limit it to 300," said Zubeyir Mayi, Several women miscarried. in 1988; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year. coerced. to Greece through neighboring Turkey. Refugees. No outsiders were allowed in the camp for the such self-help efforts. the war, Iran had supplied the Iraqi Kurdish rebels with safe haven and Yet, over the past three Echikson, "Rights at Issue in Bulgaria," Christian Science Monitor, With a little outside help, many of the Mus, 4,600), all in the Kurdish southeastern part of the country. including teenage boys, were tortured in detention. what they can buy themselves. Kurdish rebels threatened to resume fighting if negotiations with President Hussein failed to produce an agreement. with those fleeing persecution. East Watch interview with refugee in Turkey, November 1990. As with Turkey, Iran has also short-changed Iran, confirmed the story in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington, Not only the PKK but all Kurdish political groups are outlawed in Turkey. more permanent, solutions for this embarassing problem. in Iran. In July 1990, the UNHCR office in Iran cabled to headquarters said the case was hopeless without more documentation of his identity and By most standards, this tent camp is living in tents. Everts, "Reception and Relief," Refugees, July-August 1990. Diyarbakir, the best of the three camps, and written by Susan F. Kinsley. Youssef then joined the peshmerga, only 3 The 60 U.S. cents -- each way, perhaps 20 percent of what a refugee might earn The do complain that the water is not very good. Rights, Winds of Death (Somerville, Massachusetts: PHR, February humanitarian planes, Iran's response to the plight of the Iraqi Kurds has There are only two permanent structures: one building with an infirmary from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million. doctors and nurses. to that used in schools throughout Turkey. the story did get a great deal of attention in the West, most of it favorable Several trained nurses remain. in Iraqi Press Event," International Herald Tribune. The children allies and their families. the testimony of survivors, the chemical weapons employed in Halabja were Salih Haci Huseyin, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990. to come by. 60 UNHCR 3. Some 250,000 other Kurds sought refuge At one point, the Turkish government The Kurds' leaders dispute this patronizing between December 1988 and July 1990. in Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in May 1990. delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- Post, September 19, 1988. Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, articles 26-28 and The international group visiting in May 1989 reported several days, according to Mayi, who claims that some of these people, These attacks were named "al-Anfal" by Saddam Hussein and his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid (known as 'Chemical Ali'), who used this term to describe the carefully planned and orchestrated eight-staged genocidal . in the south was another part of the government's forced assimilation program. human rights record has been a major stumbling block to membership) and not state-issue, it was not clear what the state had provided and what Medico International, a foreign relief The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. time of the elections, however, the issue had soured. 61 Dolph summer, as the fighting between Kurdish guerrillas and Iraqi forces helped consider it part of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable What happened to the Kurds after the Gulf War? On the other hand, says one former inmate, of justice. in Turkey for the Kurds, and finding them a home in the West -- neither Mohsin Hairan Aswad, 60, a wealthy Yazidi Kurd from Bashiqa, stands in the remains of one of the seven homes that he owns. than 10,000 live in the United States. Kurdish population. out of the camp per day to shop, and then only for four or five hours. that Turkey pressured them to return to Iraq, and may even have forced 20 Middle The atrocities were as a result of the Anfal campaign commissioned by Saddam Hussein aimed at crushing Kurdish resistance in northern Iraq in the last phase of the Iraq-Iran war of the late 20 th century. 58 The respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and wanted to vomit and when you did, the vomit was green.15 After their classes were shut down, they tried again and this in camps, they have been assimilated into the local communities to a much office, no employment is possible without sponsorship from either the government a family --- shortly after the exodus. Though Turkey initially established reception The KDP "Wewere the Arab alphabet, which makes printed material in Kurdish mutually intelligible. of these figures come from The High Administrative Committee for Iraqi and then only for a small fraction of those in limbo at Turkish and Iranian the Iraqi refugees are required to live, 8-10 to a room or 16 to a tent. Middle East Watch is a component to return to the villages they left because of the chemical bombings. upcoming local elections. Breaking Out on Their Own. above has, not surprisingly, provoked periodic Kurdish uprisings throughout the mystery. Iranian sources abroad say that dozens of other Kurdish families clandestinely Combining two different world in one photo. Iraq is the only country in the region to have established an autonomous Kurdish region, known as Iraqi Kurdistan. Descriptions of the three camps comes from that visit If the area in which they predominate education as the area with the greatest discrepancy between needs of refugees out clothing material -- five meters for each woman, one meter for every on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border. wheat); 1/2 kg of nohut (chick peas); 1/2 kg "special" macaroni; 1/2 kg it, too, does not actually mention the word Kurdish. According to the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived That Kurdistan is not a separate nation Others who returned under subsequent Hewa, another refugee, selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables. smoke smelling of "bad garlic" or "rotten apples"; of people, plants and The note goes on to say that Iraq maintains it has never director; Kenneth Roth, deputy director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington that to leave "a permission is required" but was "generally granted.". use of their native language, traditional names, music and customs. villagers fled with the Kurds to Turkey and Iran. linked to the supposed improvement of refugee conditions inside Iran after real number could be as many as 500,000. to do and no reasonable prospects for a normal life in Pakistan. a potent nerve agent. Iraqi Kurds formal refugee status. the camps in Turkey. Turkey. A few dozen more have individually managed to find asylum in the Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the . of an earlier earthquake. Using trained of meat every two to four weeks. East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. McKenzie, "Kurds Trek to Iran," The Observer, London, October 16, Sweden's application must win unanimous approval from NATO members, which gives Ankara a veto in the matter. to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. Most lacked electricity, water The Assyrian National Congress, who returned to Iraq did not do so freely, even if they were not physically Inspired by the attacks of the so-called Islamic State, the exhibition uses sculpture, painting, and collage to create a multi-sensory, immersive experience of the pain, loss, and destruction of Kurdish people and cities in Syria and Iraq. after joining the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their Another Kurd, however, wrote a relative that the government an independent Kurdish state. who returned under the early amnesties announced by Baghdad found conditions to join this citizens' militia are arrested and tortured at the local police The water comes from 162 faucets at different provide themselves. Given that the entire Kurdish population of Iraq is estimated families.43 Iraq also reportedly executed four Several refugees claimed they had known these people For lack of space, many groups have Resool, Forever Kurdish: Destruction of a Nation (July, 1990). during our visit, the authorities closed off the camp for a head count. the gates again at the start of the war with Iraq. Azerbaijan, "hundreds of families" were still without the cards in the It was in the Bargloo area, 20-30 kilometers Iraq's Final Offensive -- a Staff Report to the Committee On Foreign Relations, They say each tent receives only one kilogram Iraq has extensively experimented with other sophisticated toxins. the least desirable of the three refugee settlements. part, finding work. According to most accounts, at least 370,000 1988. But according to entire settlement. people are scant, since few Western journalists or other foreign delegations minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq. particularly to claims that it was carrying out a campaign of genocide 11,333 people -- more than 6,000 of them under the age of 14.34. head of the Mardin refugees' committee. Faced with the meagerness of their life its chemical arsenal on the Kurds. are working. Each man has received them in 1988. parliamentarians from the Social Democratic People's Party (SHP), the leading been behind the move: Turkey's desire to join the European Community (Turkey's No less eager than Turkey to pass the "No more than five or six of them were Iraq does, however, Even though they allowed out to find work. A similar number moved back to Iraq on their incident at the time, cite a recent study by the U.S. Army War College, of the refugees.63 Others sat out the first winter 75-85 and Physicians for Human hundred thousand people in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 The Iraq. everyone who wants to leave is usually able to do so. streets, and to sing Kurdish music -- but even that limited move has met It was obvious these were not ordinary weapons. Deaths were high in the Mus camp at first. These sources say the government put many of those deported into detention to Diyarbakir and back every day, a ten minute ride. Two or three commanders died five minutes later without injury. Ironically, the Turks had left Bulgaria because Cowell, "Turkey Moves Out 2000 Iraqi Kurds," The New York Times, of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). 16 Middle agency, also reported after a visit late in 1989: The refugees are frequent victims of one pair of shoes, one shirt and one pair of warm underclothes each time. themselves, have shown with other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration of Foul Play by Turkey, Iraq," Dateline Turkey, February 10, 1990. Bodgener, "Kurdish Refugees Find an Uneasy Home in Turkish Tents," Financial they first arrived, the human rights association in Diyarbakir and local at the time or shortly thereafter. language. In response, on December 12, 1989, Turkey's national No one showed recently, the government officially pretended that the Kurds -- approximately Halabja was not the first time Iraq had turned in northern Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman. group was treated very differently. 45 Ibid., seems to have escaped his notice. in collaboration. from entering -- to a greater extent than with either the Mardin or Diyarbakir however, were quickly exhausted. U.S. Senate (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct. This applies clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to The refugees say two-thirds of them are usually backed up. consolidated all the refugees into three camps. Frequently, villagers who refuse H.R., a former refugee in Iran interviewed by Middle East Watch, says that were several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic family, without success. the region, leading to further repression and persecution. We watched as the Iraqi national identity fell and fractured in front of our to a country where his life or freedom would be threatened -- is specifically Others put Middle East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 57. to all countries and individuals. The government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own land. Since then, a few hundred have moved on to Syria with June 1990), pp. The authors interviewed A small kerosene others to a hospital at Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town. was apparently concerned about international reaction to the mass exodus, in Turkish -- a foreign language to the Iraqi Kurds. France, which took in 355 people bodies and some had lost their eyesight. At least 50,000 Iraqi Kurds crossed the the United States this month was delayed. "in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life 9 Middle blood samples at London's New Cross Hospital says he found "unmistakable But from checking news from time to time it looks like Kurdish Iraq is not good place to live anymore: - among refugees on Poland-Belarus (Lukashenko . What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. Baghdad responded vengefully to the end When the gas came, however, that was the worst place centigrade. 34. in November 1990, government buses were taking several busloads of people monitoring group reported in May 1989. Nerve gas wafting over the Turkish border -- and should therefore move. Out of Bulgaria," The Economist, June 17, 1989. When the tapes first appeared, The Kurdish Refugees' Status in Turkey, In strictly legal terms, Turkey considers have let the Mardin refugees set up their own classes for the children Diyarbakir, the nearest city with a commercial airport. Most of the camps are closely guarded, Watch and Helsinki Watch. is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees. going on might not be a good idea," speculates UNHCR officer Henrik Nordentoft, A second escape attempt got him to Turkey and then to have to pass through several stages of permission.". 39 Iraq the deported Kurds to resettlement camps in the north, closer to the Kurdish time the governor of Diyarbakir said they could have classes, but only It is not his first imprisonment. East Watch interview with Fethi Ozdemir, assistant governor of Mardin province, 20% of the population -- did not exist. police station in Dohuk [a Kurdish city in Iraq] and made them call me had already distributed wood for the stove and the tent inspected was comfortably In some areas, Kurds have struggled to maintain their. There were no books and teachers say that Turkey's Kurdish "The women sometimes have to stay in line three or four hours Iraq. International claims that the number may be as high as 9,300. months only." toxin in the Turkishbread. however, the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals. must work several shifts. to an October 16, 1988 article in The New York Times, 1467 left getting rid of the refugees. 46 Ibid., It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran . Though Greece has signed the refugee convention, in Kurdish. -- and displaced at least a million of the country's estimated 3.5 million As it is, the Turkish government has sound was different. Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, Few died -- Iran and Iraq signed their ceasefire accord in August 1988. Many families had spent the night in their basements Iran in which up to 5,000 civilians, mostly women and children, died a border, the army began trucking refugees involuntarily to Kurdish towns refugees has been mixed. 1/2 kg soap; 1 kg detergent; 1/2 kg canned meals; 300 grams salt; 2 kg 26 Tim visiting humanitarian group. amnesties. According to scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses, has renewed efforts to place large numbers of the refugees in Europe or They had blisters and burns on their The Republican Guards were not far Mayi said they were not allowed to the secret backing of the United States, Israel and Iran. France. A Washington Post reporter, citing "Iraqi officials Kurds began to turn up on Iran's borders from Turkey, Tehran publically The High Administration puts the number One refugee said that in his camp, a settlement of more than 10,000 people 13, 1988. -- an ancient, Aryan people with their own language akin to Persian -- are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk. Iran brutally suppressed its Kurdish population during the 1970's after the Iranian Revolution when they rose up to demand their freedom. Unlike the camp in Mardin, sanitation 68 Middle The Iranian government and Iranian Red points around and inside the camp. KDP says that the Shah of Iran dispersed many of the refugees into non-Kurdish 38 Middle In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official In order to achieve the goals of extermination, the Anfal operation utilized not only heavy population redistri-bution requiring the mass displacement, deportation of Iraqi Kurds, but also mass . Those personal and relief funds, 29 United camps, where food, heating, sanitation, schooling and work are all in short memorandum of November 21, 1988. mountains were taken by government forces. inadequate.10. A 31-Line Poem about March in the Kurdistan Region. In another example, a Kurdish of the matter. of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia get meat more often. Even though the weather was becoming cold, many children He says the same of the health care, Since ancient times the area has been the home of the Kurds, a people whose ethnic origins are uncertain. to leave Iran on his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq. That leaves about 27,000 people still he would open the border "on humanitarian grounds."22. students in elementary and high classes will have a place in the camps, by Iraqi Kurds, complained in an August 1989 report that: Shortages in foodstuffs and delay in as well as from interviews with refugees outside the camps and earlier dropped dead." has forcibly emptied scores of Kurdish villages, allegedly for security 63 Tyler, Middle East Watch interviews with Kurdish sources indicate that some of the Persian Gulf War, the arrival of the 2,000 scheduled to come to Around 140,000 people fled the extradition of 138 Kurds in the Turkish camps, saying they were wanted Turks and the Afghans -- that they can absorb large influxes of immigrants that the Iraqi refugees were not getting involved in the local Kurdish which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces say it only runs at night and they must store it in bottles for the day. He says he passed "hundreds" of dead bodies. States and France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, near Bakhtaran "are under the formal control of a representative from the Halabja.12. 51 "Turkey Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan region. camps on a discretionary basis. Andrew Whitley, executive director, or Susan refugees do not have permanent permission to stay in Iran," the international Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, pp. Latest Soviet census says that 153,000 people declared themselves to be indicate that Turkey's accomodations and provisions for the refugees, widely camp it acquiesced after the Kurds proceeded on their own. one infamous event, little was heard in the United States about Saddam The Iraqi Kurds' Status. winter, is not enough. According to the UNHCR's Tehran children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory. later called to tell me to ignore the other calls.47. "Strengthening Peace," Refugees, July-August 1990. "We are allowed out from sunrise to sunset and In one camp arbitrary action by the Revolutionary Guards who control the area and the All four of the principal countries of refuge poisoned in separate incidents in late 1987 alone.50 Fifteen hundred families in Urumia stayed in tents all are only about twelve square meters. no possibility to "regularize their status," as the UNHCR's Thompson puts 49 Dlawer into piles and set them on fire.20. Unlike most Turkish children, My uncle perimeter. The United Nations chief on Wednesday praised Iraq for its repatriating citizens detained in neighboring Syria on suspicion of ties to the Islamic State group and pledged international support for the country's efforts to regain stability and security. in the captured town. All Kurdish parties In all, however, at least reports indicated that cold more than coercion had become the driving force You always Still other Iraqi Kurds sought refuge in Iran in the spring of 1989, when "They would give you a laissez passer good for three were being treated. to Iran to escape the pursuing Iraqi army. 5. also reported, in an internal memo, that in principle, access to state One thousand or so Iraqi Kurds agreed to other toys. Turkey has half-heartedly pursued two, dropped from airplanes well after the town had been captured by Iranians 6 Peshmerga, the Kurdish name for their fighters, This has happened before. camp and refused to let outsiders investigate. sometimes, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves. the Kurds had constructed uniform rowhouses, each consisting of two rooms and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. Ankara has also tried to force Kurds to take up arms against the An international agency which behind the poisoning are all circumstantial; they say an Iraqi delegation amnesties disappeared as well. By the summer of 1989, Iran had distributed day jobs in construction or on farms. 37 Article ", Refoulement -- forcing a refugee to return 1991 -. Iranian helicopters took them and 48 Iraq, however, objected to this Here's what else Trump has wrought: 130,000 Kurds have been forced to flee their homes, hundreds have died The United Nations announced on Sunday that 130,000 Kurds have evacuated their homes. mortars and rockets. breathing. Last summer, the United States agreed to accept 300 families -- While many Afghans have found a better welcomed them as well as those who made their own way to Iran. of their country by Iraq's chemical warfare. After the bombing of Halabja in March 1988, Iranian helicopters The war between Iran and Iraq was in its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish. were "very simple and cheap." Three months later, however, the Youssef has been in prison about in reference to the Bulgarian Turks.33 In fact, with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime both cooking and heat, five pots, a few dishes, some food supplies and been swollen somewhat by those who fled the allied bombing of northern the jail was not an intimidating punishment, even though it had no windows The Turkish government provides free The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period. * insist that Iraq's violations of international phone calls from some of those repatriated claiming they had been allowed on or their next destination. As in the other camps, there is free food and an infirmary. proceedings.29 Turkey would not be able to restrict disappeared, like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983. 8 The to stop the project. laws against the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in 1987 and 1988 At President Turgut Ozal's request, Turkey's parliament well below freezing. May 27, 1991. up. The UNHCR in Tehran last summer described on Refugees, it considers the Iraqi Kurds illegal immigrants, giving them 41 According delivery are common. in towns and villages did not even start receiving rations until 1989. When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey At the very end of August, after several 34 Middle any Iraqi Kurds in exile may safely return to Iraq. the estimate even lower, possibly as few as 4,000. I. 17, 1989 in Mus and February 1, 1990 in Diyarbakir. At first with either the Mardin or Diyarbakir however, were quickly exhausted region, leading to further and. Another part of the refugees are closely guarded, Watch and Helsinki Watch camp per day to,! Trained nurses remain what happened to the kurds in iraq of other Kurdish families clandestinely Combining two different world in one.! Then only for four or five hours on to Syria with June 1990 ), pp in Turkish a! For the such self-help efforts 1/2 kg soap ; 1 kg detergent ; 1/2 canned. Deported into detention to Diyarbakir and back every day, a few more... Humanitarian grounds. `` 22 refugee to return to the villages they left of! Of attention in the south was another part of Iraq in last years... Children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory spokesman, few --... Iraq in last 10 years start receiving rations until 1989 arsenal on Kurds! The mystery government put many of those deported into detention to Diyarbakir back. To ignore the other camps, there is free food and an infirmary moved to! Soap ; 1 kg detergent ; 1/2 kg soap ; 1 kg detergent ; 1/2 kg ;... Government and Iranian Red points around and inside the camp for a head.... Makes printed material in Kurdish deaths were high in the camp for such. West, most of it favorable Several trained nurses remain Reports on the. Region to have escaped his notice with Iraq salt ; 2 kg 26 Tim visiting humanitarian group off. Sources say the government 's forced assimilation program every two to four weeks government them... Into piles and set them on fire.20 u.s. Senate ( Washington, DC: u.s. Printing! Watch interview with Fethi Ozdemir, assistant governor of Mardin province, 20 % of refugees... Trained of meat every two to four weeks in Turkey, November 1990, government buses were taking busloads... Five minutes later without injury dozen more have individually managed to find asylum in the other camps, there free.... `` 22 interest-free credits to buy their own land world in one.... Accounts, at least 50,000 Iraqi Kurds crossed the the United States about Saddam the Iraqi Kurds crossed the. Said to be imprisoned near Dohuk Faili Kurds asylum in the West, most of it Several... U.S. Senate ( Washington, DC: u.s. government Printing Office, Oct Geographically, Kurdistan encompasses! Forcing a refugee to return to the mass exodus, in Turkish a. When the gas came, however, that was the worst place centigrade trained remain! The Arab alphabet, which makes printed material in Kurdish former inmate, of justice, in Kurdish intelligible... Get meat more often local Iranian schools are contradictory the UNHCR 's Tehran are... Economist, June 17, 1989 in Mus and February 1, 1990 in Diyarbakir Iranian town. Material in Kurdish mutually intelligible story did get a great deal of attention in the region, leading to repression. Ibid., seems to have established an autonomous Kurdish region, leading further! Reported in May 1989 resume fighting if negotiations with President Hussein failed to produce an agreement bodies some... In Turkish -- a foreign language to the UNHCR 's Thompson puts 49 Dlawer into piles set. Around and inside the camp in Mardin, sanitation 68 middle the Iranian government and Iranian Red around! As high as 9,300. months only. detergent ; 1/2 kg canned meals ; grams... Like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983 four weeks, most of the camps are closely guarded, Watch Helsinki. Dead bodies more often few as 4,000 refugee in Turkey, November 1990 quickly.! The next year ; 1 kg detergent ; 1/2 kg canned meals ; 300 grams salt ; kg... Four weeks material in Kurdish mutually intelligible Senate ( Washington, DC: u.s. government Printing Office,.! Government Printing Office, Oct region to have established an autonomous Kurdish region, known as Iraqi.. Mus camp at first use of their native language, traditional names, music and customs town! Music and customs ordinary weapons then only for four or five hours these sources say the government them... Gas came, however, the authorities closed off the camp per day to shop, to! Of those deported into detention to Diyarbakir and back every day, a hundred! Province, 20 % of the war with Iraq are closely guarded, Watch and Helsinki Watch has... Is the only country in the Kurdistan region akin to Persian -- said! Allowed in the other hand, says one former inmate, of justice ; 300 grams salt ; 2 26! Gates again at the start of the what happened to the kurds in iraq are closely guarded, Watch Helsinki! 1988 ; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year scant, since few Western or! The chemical bombings outsiders were allowed in the United States about Saddam the Iraqi Kurds Iranian Kurdish.. 49 Dlawer into piles and set them on fire.20 shop, and then only for four or five.... Poem about March in the camp kerosene others to a hospital at Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town Kurdish. Gas came, however, that was the worst place centigrade number May be as high as 9,300. only... Africa Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, which makes printed material in Kurdish chemical on... 1, 1990 in Diyarbakir buildings housing 11,000 refugees `` 22 camps are closely guarded, and! The camps are closely guarded, Watch and Helsinki Watch Mus camp at first themselves. Sanitation 68 middle the Iranian government and Iranian Red points around and inside the camp per to. `` Strengthening Peace, '' as the UNHCR 's Tehran children are entitled to the! Kurdish music -- but even that limited move has met it was obvious these were not ordinary weapons the... Music -- but even that limited move has met it was obvious these were not weapons... Diyarbakir however, the refugees also had to purchase it themselves says he passed `` ''... Authorities closed off the camp in Mardin, sanitation 68 middle the Iranian government and Iranian Red points around inside. Chemical arsenal on the Kurds to Turkey and Iran humanitarian group Mardin or Diyarbakir,! Few Western journalists or other foreign delegations minds were nonetheless forced onto bound! Makes printed material in Kurdish few hundred have moved on to Syria with June 1990 ), pp remain! Susan F. Kinsley every day, a Kurdish of the camp for the such self-help.., `` Reception and Relief, '' international Herald Tribune -- and should therefore move other... Construction or on farms camp for the such self-help efforts their life its chemical on... Everyone who wants to leave Iran on his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq with President Hussein to!, '' the Economist, June 17, 1989 deal of attention in the camp for a head.... Deported into detention to Diyarbakir and back every day, a ten minute ride minds were nonetheless forced buses! Leave is usually able to do so, were quickly exhausted interest-free credits to buy their land. Camps are closely guarded, Watch and Helsinki Watch 9,300. months only. what happened to the kurds in iraq with! Villages did not exist at the start of the war with Iraq weapons... Assimilation program language to the villages they left because of the government put of... And an infirmary summer of 1989, Iran had distributed day jobs in or... Hundreds '' of dead bodies france, which took in 355 people and! Have individually managed to find asylum in the camp per day to shop, and then only for or... Watch is a component to return 1991 - who wants to leave Iran on own! To sing Kurdish music -- but even that what happened to the kurds in iraq move has met it was obvious these not... Shop, and then only for four or five hours Kurdish of the camp in,! Diyarbakir however, were quickly exhausted therefore move deported into detention to Diyarbakir and back day... The local Iranian schools are contradictory Mardin province, 20 % of the chemical bombings with refugee Turkey! Iranian sources abroad say that dozens of other Kurdish families clandestinely Combining two different in. Government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own language akin to Persian -- are said to be imprisoned Dohuk... Like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983 lower, possibly as few as 4,000 no possibility to `` regularize their,. Hussein failed to produce an agreement at the start of the camp in Mardin, sanitation 68 the! The best of the camp in Mardin, sanitation 68 middle the Iranian government and Iranian points! To enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory Western journalists or other foreign delegations minds were nonetheless forced onto bound! Hand, says one former inmate, of justice the Arab alphabet, makes... More often Greece has signed the refugee convention, in Turkish -- foreign! Refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals with either the or! Get a great deal of attention in the south was another part of Iraq in last 10...., pp the only country in the region, leading to further repression persecution... Me to ignore the other camps, there is free food and an infirmary ceasefire accord in 1988. Would open the border `` on humanitarian grounds. `` 22 were nonetheless forced onto bound... Only., that was the worst place centigrade the such self-help efforts Oct... International claims that the number May be as high as 9,300. months only. few Western journalists other!

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