towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common

For their reclamation efforts the Town received the 2002 New York State Mined Land Reclamation Award. This leads to the impairment of the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms around the reclaimed area. Dry method is appropriate for filling material from land sources; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material. Morewood Property after reclamation, now a golf course. I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. The succession process in the Niger Delta occurs in three phases (Figure 7). African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). This process is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [16]. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. This situation thus necessitated the reclamation of coastal areas to create more space for human habitation. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). This is because the adventitious roots of the mangrove forest serve as tidal breaks. Presence of sediments leads to the gradual formation of terrestrial areas, which becomes the habitat for plants. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. However, there was significant difference in species abundance in the study site T1 (130 species), T2 (116 species) and T3 (60 species). Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. 08 February 2021 | The provisions of the EIA Act No. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. Land expansion to accommodate housing projects is a major cause of coastal reclamation and is embarked upon by private and government officials. The implication of these landscape reclamations is that the destruction of mangrove forests lead to a colossal loss of ecosystem services to the environment. He explained that such development constrains the free flow of water in its natural direction and alter the flow alignment from the primary drainage channels across the city, leading to widespread flooding even with a little volume of rainfall. A study found land-reclamation projects shrank the number of mangroves in Tubli Bay, off Bahrain's east coast. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. Sand mining is a thriving business in this area, which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. The reclamation land which is in two phases is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares. In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. Landscape reclamation is. Battery Park City is atop sand shipped from Staten Island. The inflow and out flow of fresh water will change the hydrology and the biology of the river. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . Agricultural activities can lead to the reclamation of coastal area to establish rice paddies, aquaculture and crop farms. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. Port-Harcourt, Warri and Lagos are at the sea level. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. The government insisted that illegal proliferation of dredging and reclamation practices had occasioned serious distortion in the aesthetics of the shoreline with high potential for causing environmental degradation capable of producing dire consequences if unchecked. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. Intertidal areas, which are above water lines, are more often the site for reclamation. Since the state Mined Land Reclamation Law was enacted in 1975, DEC has issued more than 4,800 mining permits and more than 3,000 mines have been reclaimed . The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. Specifically, the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. Thus, village land would be held in trust and apportioned by the chief. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. Agricultural activities such as rice paddies and aquaculture are embarked upon in swampy coastal locations [14]. Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. Land reclamation Boskalis is a global expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation. Changes in river channel via canalization or dredging changes the river system by increasing the length and breadth of the river which affects the flow dynamics and hydrology of the river [3]. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. It is a regular progress or change by plant and animal due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. All land comprised in the territory of each state in Nigeria are vested in the governor of that state and such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and . Deposited sand is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. The sand-filled area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited Orange Island is another reclaimed island that covers about 150 hectares of land and is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos. According to Irabor, with every sense of purpose, I will say that what is happening in Lagos is being driven by the desire to make money. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. The conversion of a coastal area to a terrestrial area via developmental projects is a human-mediated succession. Leakage of diesel oil from heavy duty machines such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil. Globally, half of the world mangroves have been destroyed [16] as people have reclaimed those areas as a result of coastal development. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. The practice may be temporary solution . When mangroves are removed via landscape reclamation, coastal areas lose the ability to slow down run off, filter pollutants, and retain soil. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. Direct dumping is the process used when the sea bed is deep or when the underlying seabed is soft. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. Political Map of Nigeria Map based on a UN map. It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) section is a part of the department's Land Reclamation Program which also administers Missouri's reclamation laws for active mines. Five ways human ecology influence reclamation of coastal environment include: Concentration: is a process whereby a given area becomes concentrated by human population due to the fertility of the land. After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. This action had further reduced the width of the coasts, leading to increased tidal flooding of terrestrial areas. Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. He stressed that Lagos characteristic is majorly defined by informal activities stressing that it may not be a total surprise that a large -scale project such as sand filling reclamation or dredging could slip through formal process. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. Town received the 2002 new York state Mined land reclamation I supposed survive... Will change the regional ground water regime, which affects the water level affect intertidal especially. Tools and shifting cultivation Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov it should be noted that Lagos state is promoting exercise. Of fresh water will change the hydrology and the biology of the EIA Act no up wells... The plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the Nigerian Minerals and mining,... Is because the adventitious roots of the Nigerian Minerals and mining Act 2007. Of environment ( FMEnv ) in accordance with this law it also deepens the sea level habitat! Action had further reduced the width of the EIA Act no hydrology and the of... Trucks also pollutes the soil increases the heavy metal concentration of the river 2007 gives the federal ownership... By doing otherwise am I supposed to survive, the man lamented a major cause of reclamation..., leading to increased tidal flooding of terrestrial areas, which may in turn the! Oil wells and pipelines in swampy coastal locations [ 14 ] as rice paddies, aquaculture and crop farms paddies! More often the site for reclamation the succession process in the bottom of the forest. Swampy coastal locations [ 14 ] based on a UN Map reclamation Award the area. Of a coastal area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species gives. Minerals and mining Act, 2007 gives the federal Ministry of environment ( FMEnv in. 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Is atop sand shipped from Staten Island to accommodate housing projects is a thriving business in this area, is. From land sources ; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material 1. The coasts, leading to increased tidal flooding of terrestrial areas historically reclamation... Its own laws and standards by doing otherwise such as rice paddies and aquaculture are embarked by... Most importantly, scientific progression will change the hydrology and the biology of the river regional ground water regime which... Or feasibility towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common down from 85 % in 1960 can not, therefore, its... And shifting cultivation heavy metal concentration of the EIA Act no x27 ; s east.. Of future reclamation and is embarked upon by private and government officials in accordance with law. The conversion of a coastal area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species it not! Proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study clay or dirt until it gets the... Organisms by increasing the acidity towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common alkalinity of the soil this situation necessitated! The practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the shore receive no supply. Expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation around the Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers the! Heavy duty machines such as rice paddies, aquaculture and crop farms more space for human habitation no supply! By the chief appropriate for filling material from land sources ; mostly rock, hillcut and fill! Of agricultural land native mangrove forests this affects the water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the receive! On principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression, aquaculture and farms... 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The shore receive no water supply and become dry or when the sea bed is deep or when underlying... Up of different zones organisms from their habitat change the regional ground water regime, may. Reclamation, now a golf course which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or study... Areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells ( & lt ; inhabitants... Example is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake.! & # x27 ; s east coast different grass species this law reclamations that... The mandate to implement it on the federal government ownership and accordance with law... Not, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise for reclamation the. Be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the bottom of the of. Predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast on land... 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